银纳米线透明电极的制备及可靠性防护研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 10:29

  本文选题：银纳米线 + 高温劣化　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：透明电极是现代电子制造工业中不可或缺的重要组件,应用于各类电子器件上,范围涵盖了显示面板、太阳能电池、发光二极管及各类传感器等诸多领域。目前已有的透明电极材料ITO的化学性质以及热学性质不稳定、具有陶瓷脆性、同时组分之一的In元素稀缺,除此之外ITO薄膜原料的有效利用率低,传统的透明电极已无法满足光电器件大功率、柔性、轻便、低廉、绿色环保等更严格的要求。银纳米线网络透明电极展现出优异的导电性和透光性,克服了传统ITO透明电极的种种缺点,是面向各类柔性电子器件的理想透明电极方案。然而,在长期使用过程中银纳米线透明电极因劣化而导致其使用可靠性逐渐衰减,这成为其推广应用中亟待解决的问题。本文通过试验探索出制备长银纳米线的最优参数。研究银纳米线在高温高湿、光辐照等条件下的劣化行为与性能,分析银纳米线透明电极的劣化机制,创新性的利用pH值为中性的PEDOT:PSS水溶液作为防护层,并对它的防护效果进行研究。通过多元醇法制备长银纳米线,确定在乙二醇的预处理温度为180℃、反应温度为165℃,反应时间为60min和Cu Cl2浓度为0.0001mol/L时制备得到的银纳米线平均长度51.2μm,平均直径92.2nm,优化了银纳米线制备参数,研究了长银纳米线的形成机制。采用乙醇洗涤预先处理的方式得到了PVP层减薄后性能更好的银纳米线墨水。使用旋涂法制备银纳米线电极,通过调整旋涂转速和次数来实现了电极的高导电性和高透光率,最终制备得到以玻璃为基底的电极在透光率超过80%时,面电阻为90.47Ω/sq。分别研究高温高湿、光照的加速劣化条件对银纳米线网络的显微形貌变化与银纳米线电极的面电阻和透光率的影响。在试验温度为80℃,相对湿度为100%时,银纳米线上出现的大量纳米颗粒增大了银纳米线搭接点处的接触面积,使导电性提升,在继续劣化过程中由于银纳米线存在瑞利不稳定性导致其发生断裂,透明电极面电阻增大;在空气中长期光辐照的加速劣化条件下,电极面电阻有先下降后上升的趋势,是由于光辐照下银纳米线发生了局部焊接,造成面电阻降低。为了提高银纳米线电极的导电性和抗劣化可靠性,设计p H值为中性的PEDOT:PSS水溶液作为银纳米线电极的防护层材料,试验有防护层的银纳米线电极在维持高透光率的情况下导电性得到了极大地改善,面电阻由原来的96.52Ω/sq下降到了9.73Ω/sq;在经过12天的加速劣化后,有防护层作用的银纳米线电极归一化面电阻值仅是没有防护层作用的银纳米线电极归一化面电阻值变化的十分之一。电极的表面粗糙度从35.5nm下降到了23.8nm,同时防护层的存在也加强了银纳米线电极的可拉伸性能,导电高聚物PEDOT:PSS水溶液防护层材料使银纳米线透明电极的长期使用可靠性得到了提高。
[Abstract]:Transparent electrode is an indispensable component in modern electronic manufacturing industry. It is used in various electronic devices, including display panels, solar cells, light emitting diodes and various sensors. The available transparent electrode material ITO has unstable chemical and thermal properties, ceramic brittleness, and in element scarcity. In addition, the effective utilization rate of ITO thin film material is low. The traditional transparent electrode can not meet the strict requirements of optoelectronic devices such as high power, flexibility, portability, low cost and environmental protection. Silver nanowire network transparent electrodes exhibit excellent conductivity and transmittance, overcome the shortcomings of traditional ITO transparent electrodes, and are ideal transparent electrode schemes for all kinds of flexible electronic devices. However, the reliability of silver nanowire transparent electrode decreases gradually due to its deterioration in the long run, which becomes an urgent problem to be solved in its popularization and application. In this paper, the optimum parameters for the preparation of long silver nanowires were investigated by experiments. The degradation behavior and properties of silver nanowires under high temperature and high humidity and irradiation were studied. The degradation mechanism of silver nanowire transparent electrodes was analyzed. The pH neutral solution of PEDOT: PSS was used as the protective layer. And its protective effect is studied. Silver nanowires were prepared by polyol method. The pretreatment temperature of ethylene glycol was 180 鈩，

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