光子晶体缺陷结构慢光和集成特性及其在微波光子器件中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-09-03 15:10
【摘要】：随着现代社会信息交互方式的不断发展,人与人乃至人与物之间沟通交流需求的不断增长,各种新业务、新技术逐渐涌现。数据业务和无线通信产业的蓬勃发展固然喜人,然而作为承载一切无线通信的基础——频谱资源,尤其是目前4G和未来5G业务密集的2GHz-5GHz频段,可应用的1GHz左右频谱资源几乎消耗殆尽,未来网络的发展必然趋向毫米波频段。为了适应毫米波频段的特点并迎合未来通信网络的发展趋势,一种能在光域处理微波信号的技术——“微波光子学”近年来受到海内外学者的广泛关注,并有大量研究聚焦于微波光子的基本物理效应和基础物理器件上。在这种研究背景下,光子晶体作为一种损耗低,局域性好,易于集成的优良材料,逐渐走进微波光子学研究学者的视野。光子晶体本身具有光子禁带,通过引入光子晶体线缺陷和点缺陷可以破坏光子晶体的禁带特性,形成光子晶体微腔和波导,是实现新型大规模光子集成(PIC)的重要元件之一。由于光子晶体的晶格常数大小和传输光波的波长在同一数量级,因此可以大大降低器件的尺寸,有利于光子器件的芯片化;基于硅基的光子晶体介质背景空气孔结构可以利用目前的SOI晶元工艺进行加工,和硅基电子器件易于结合进行光电集成;光子晶体微腔和波导对光子具有良好的局域效果,可以通过精细加工形成滤波器、光开关和传感器等微波光子系统中的关键器件;光子晶体波导具有良好的慢光效应,可以在单位距离形成较为显著的光传输延迟,有利于取代光纤和微带线等结构成为新型光子滤波器中的延迟线;利用光子晶体对于光子的良好局域效果,可以将光子晶体的周期性结构应用于基站太阳能电池设计,提高太阳能电池对光子的捕捉,实现较高的吸收效率。这些特性使得光子晶体成为微波光子器件的潜在应用材料,研究光子晶体的光波传输、耦合和慢光等特性对于实现超高频段通信具有重要意义。本论文针对光子晶体点缺陷和线缺陷的慢光与集成特性进行研究,并将光子晶体结构应用于微波光子器件的设计中,创新点主要包括:(1)针对现有微波光子滤波器尺寸较大、集成困难的问题,利用光子晶体波导慢光和低损耗等优势,提出两种可应用于60GHz单边带(Single Side-band,SSB) RoF (Radio over Fiber,光载无线)系统进行去边带和降噪的光子晶体微波光子滤波器,其中一种陷波滤波器的自由频谱宽度(FreeSpectrum Range,FSR)可达130GHz,3dB带宽4.12GHz,消光比达到22dB;另一种带通滤波器的带宽达到4.02GHz,消光比19.6dB,通过加载带通滤波器,系统实现107误码率所需信噪比可降低9dB。分析并设计了构成滤波器所需的耦合分束波导、慢光波导、U型波导和锥形波导等光子晶体波导的相关特性,协调滤波器各部分之间的结构以便于耦合,利用Rsoft软件仿真了微波光子滤波器的场分布和透射特性。(2)针对光子晶体波导、微腔之间耦合效率过低的问题,研究带有反射微腔的耦合系统,理论推导并仿真计算反射微腔耦合系统,通过合理设计微腔之间的距离使得微腔耦合效率显著提升。并利用耦合系统设计了一种采用注入技术并带有反射微腔的光子晶体解复用器,在1550nm通信波长下载效率可达95%以上;针对微波光子系统与物联网等技术在未来网络的相互融合需要高性能传感器的问题,提出一种显著提升传感强度的对称微腔传感器,该传感器利用空气孔结构吸附待测物质,仿真分析了待测物质沉积面积和微腔偏移之间的联系。(3)针对目前通信产业绿色环保、高效灵活等需求和未来微波光子网络功能集中于中心站等发展趋势,基于光子晶体正方晶格介质柱波导多模耦合理论设计了 2×2全光逻辑门,并将两个多模耦合结构集成,在正负消光比差值较高的条件下设计并仿真集成式3×3多功能逻辑门,可以实现OR,NOT,NAND, XOR和XNOR等多项逻辑运算,逻辑功能的正负消光比均在20dB以上。(4)针对微波光子系统大容量、小蜂窝的特点和未来物联网对传感设备长期续航的要求,采用钙钛矿结构材料CH3NH3PbI3 (碘化铅甲基胺)设计并仿真了一种绿色光子晶体太阳能电池,实现300nm-800nm频段内太阳光92%的光子吸收,获得25.1 mA/cm2的最大捕获光电流密度(Maximum Achievable Photocurrent Density,MAPD)。同时设计了 CH(NH2)2PbI3(碘化铅乙基胺)钙钛矿电池,实现300nm-850nm频段太阳光95.4%的光子吸收,优化得到最高29.1 mA/cm2的MAPD,等效于23.4%的全谱太阳能光电转换效率。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information interaction in modern society and the increasing demand for communication between people and even between people and things, various new services and new technologies are emerging. The flourishing development of data services and wireless communication industry is certainly gratifying, but as the basis of all wireless communications, spectrum resources, especially the current 4G and 3G In the 2GHz-5GHz band with intensive 5G services in the future, the available 1GHz or so spectrum resources are almost exhausted, and the development of the future network will inevitably tend to the millimeter wave band. In this context, photonic crystals, as an excellent material with low loss, good locality and easy integration, have gradually come into the field of microwave photonics. Photonic band gap, which can destroy the band gap properties of photonic crystals by introducing line and point defects, is one of the important components to realize large-scale photonic integration (PIC). Low device size is advantageous to photonic device chipping; silicon-based photonic crystal dielectric background air hole structure can be fabricated by current SOI crystal technology, and silicon-based electronic devices are easy to integrate photoelectric integration; photonic crystal microcavity and waveguide have good local effect on photonics, and can be fabricated by fine processing. Photonic crystal waveguides have good slow light effect, and can form a significant optical transmission delay at a unit distance, which is conducive to replacing optical fiber and microstrip lines as delay lines in new photonic filters; photonic crystal waveguides are good for photons. With good local effect, the periodic structure of photonic crystals can be applied to the design of base station solar cells to improve the photon capture and absorption efficiency of solar cells. This paper studies the slow light and integration characteristics of point and line defects in photonic crystals, and applies the structure of photonic crystals to the design of microwave photonic devices. The main innovations include: (1) To solve the problems of large size and difficult integration of existing microwave photonic filters, we use light. Two kinds of photonic crystal microwave photonic filters are proposed, which can be used in 60GHz single Side-band (SSB) RoF (Radio over Fiber) system for sideband removal and noise reduction. One kind of notch filter has free spectrum width (FSR) of 130GHz and 3dB band. Another bandpass filter has a bandwidth of 4.02 GHz and an extinction ratio of 19.6 dB. By loading a bandpass filter, the signal-to-noise ratio required for 107 bit error rate can be reduced by 9 dB. The coupling beam splitting waveguide, slow optical waveguide, U-shaped waveguide and conical waveguide are analyzed and designed. The field distribution and transmission characteristics of the microwave photonic filter are simulated by Rsoft software. (2) To solve the problem of low coupling efficiency between photonic crystal waveguides and microcavities, the coupling system with reflective microcavities is studied, and the coupling system with reflective microcavities is theoretically deduced and simulated. A photonic crystal demultiplexer with an injection technique and a reflective microcavity is designed by using the coupling system. The download efficiency of the 1550 nm communication wavelength can reach more than 95%; the phase of the future network for the microwave photonic system and the Internet of Things. A symmetrical microcavity sensor is proposed to enhance the sensing intensity. The sensor uses air hole structure to absorb the substance to be measured. The relationship between the deposited area of the substance to be measured and the microcavity offset is simulated and analyzed. (3) Aiming at the current needs of the communication industry, such as environmental protection, high efficiency and flexibility, and the future micro-demand. Wave photonic network is focused on the central station and other development trends. Based on the photonic crystal square lattice dielectric cylindrical waveguide multi-mode coupling theory, a 2 *2 all-optical logic gate is designed. Two multi-mode coupling structures are integrated to design and simulate the integrated 3 *3 multi-functional logic gate with high extinction ratio difference. OR, NOT, NAND can be realized. The positive and negative extinction ratios of XOR and XNOR are all above 20 dB. (4) A green photonic crystal solar energy was designed and simulated by using perovskite structural material CH3NH3PbI3 (lead iodide methylamine) in view of the characteristics of microwave photonic system with large capacity, small honeycomb and the long-term requirement of the future Internet of Things for sensor equipment. The maximum capture photocurrent density (MAPD) of 25.1 mA/cm2 was obtained by 92% absorption of sunlight in the frequency range of 300 nm-800 nm. The CH (NH2) 2PbI3 (lead iodide ethylamine) perovskite cell was designed to achieve 95.4% absorption of sunlight in the frequency range of 300 nm-850 nm, and the maximum 29.1 mA/c was optimized. The MAPD of M2 is equivalent to 23.4% of the full spectrum solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O734;TN713;TP212
本文编号：2220345
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of information interaction in modern society and the increasing demand for communication between people and even between people and things, various new services and new technologies are emerging. The flourishing development of data services and wireless communication industry is certainly gratifying, but as the basis of all wireless communications, spectrum resources, especially the current 4G and 3G In the 2GHz-5GHz band with intensive 5G services in the future, the available 1GHz or so spectrum resources are almost exhausted, and the development of the future network will inevitably tend to the millimeter wave band. In this context, photonic crystals, as an excellent material with low loss, good locality and easy integration, have gradually come into the field of microwave photonics. Photonic band gap, which can destroy the band gap properties of photonic crystals by introducing line and point defects, is one of the important components to realize large-scale photonic integration (PIC). Low device size is advantageous to photonic device chipping; silicon-based photonic crystal dielectric background air hole structure can be fabricated by current SOI crystal technology, and silicon-based electronic devices are easy to integrate photoelectric integration; photonic crystal microcavity and waveguide have good local effect on photonics, and can be fabricated by fine processing. Photonic crystal waveguides have good slow light effect, and can form a significant optical transmission delay at a unit distance, which is conducive to replacing optical fiber and microstrip lines as delay lines in new photonic filters; photonic crystal waveguides are good for photons. With good local effect, the periodic structure of photonic crystals can be applied to the design of base station solar cells to improve the photon capture and absorption efficiency of solar cells. This paper studies the slow light and integration characteristics of point and line defects in photonic crystals, and applies the structure of photonic crystals to the design of microwave photonic devices. The main innovations include: (1) To solve the problems of large size and difficult integration of existing microwave photonic filters, we use light. Two kinds of photonic crystal microwave photonic filters are proposed, which can be used in 60GHz single Side-band (SSB) RoF (Radio over Fiber) system for sideband removal and noise reduction. One kind of notch filter has free spectrum width (FSR) of 130GHz and 3dB band. Another bandpass filter has a bandwidth of 4.02 GHz and an extinction ratio of 19.6 dB. By loading a bandpass filter, the signal-to-noise ratio required for 107 bit error rate can be reduced by 9 dB. The coupling beam splitting waveguide, slow optical waveguide, U-shaped waveguide and conical waveguide are analyzed and designed. The field distribution and transmission characteristics of the microwave photonic filter are simulated by Rsoft software. (2) To solve the problem of low coupling efficiency between photonic crystal waveguides and microcavities, the coupling system with reflective microcavities is studied, and the coupling system with reflective microcavities is theoretically deduced and simulated. A photonic crystal demultiplexer with an injection technique and a reflective microcavity is designed by using the coupling system. The download efficiency of the 1550 nm communication wavelength can reach more than 95%; the phase of the future network for the microwave photonic system and the Internet of Things. A symmetrical microcavity sensor is proposed to enhance the sensing intensity. The sensor uses air hole structure to absorb the substance to be measured. The relationship between the deposited area of the substance to be measured and the microcavity offset is simulated and analyzed. (3) Aiming at the current needs of the communication industry, such as environmental protection, high efficiency and flexibility, and the future micro-demand. Wave photonic network is focused on the central station and other development trends. Based on the photonic crystal square lattice dielectric cylindrical waveguide multi-mode coupling theory, a 2 *2 all-optical logic gate is designed. Two multi-mode coupling structures are integrated to design and simulate the integrated 3 *3 multi-functional logic gate with high extinction ratio difference. OR, NOT, NAND can be realized. The positive and negative extinction ratios of XOR and XNOR are all above 20 dB. (4) A green photonic crystal solar energy was designed and simulated by using perovskite structural material CH3NH3PbI3 (lead iodide methylamine) in view of the characteristics of microwave photonic system with large capacity, small honeycomb and the long-term requirement of the future Internet of Things for sensor equipment. The maximum capture photocurrent density (MAPD) of 25.1 mA/cm2 was obtained by 92% absorption of sunlight in the frequency range of 300 nm-800 nm. The CH (NH2) 2PbI3 (lead iodide ethylamine) perovskite cell was designed to achieve 95.4% absorption of sunlight in the frequency range of 300 nm-850 nm, and the maximum 29.1 mA/c was optimized. The MAPD of M2 is equivalent to 23.4% of the full spectrum solar photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O734;TN713;TP212
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