化学外加剂及无机耐水材料对脱硫石膏的改性研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 05:31

本文关键词： 工业副产石膏综合利用缓凝防水　出处：《安徽建筑大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石膏制品的开发与使用,广泛的利用了化工企业或火力发电厂的工业废弃物——石膏,既节约了天然资源、减少了工业副产石膏的二次污染,又有利于经济的可持续发展。因此,研究开发防水性能高的石膏制品,无论是从资源开发、节能环保、固体废弃物的综合利用等方面,还是从发展新型建材等方面,都具有重要的社会和经济效益。虽然石膏制品具有质量轻,“会呼吸的墙”等优异性能,但其自身也存在着很多缺点,如强度低,防水、防潮性能差,因而极大地阻碍了它的发展和使用。为此,本文从淮南火力发电厂固体废弃物——脱硫石膏出发,分析了其矿物组成及结构;优选了合适的建筑石膏缓凝剂,并分析了其缓凝机理;通过一系列的实验,配制出符合要求的有机硅防水剂,并对其防水机理进行了分析;最后,通过有机硅防水剂与无机耐水材料复合使用,进一步改善砌块的防水性能。通过以上工作,为研发出强度高,软化系数高,防水性能好的石膏砌块提供思路。首先,通过热重分析研究了脱硫石膏的矿物组成及结构,并通过X荧光光谱分析研究了其化学组成及含量,研究结果表明:β-半水石膏含量在71.4%以上,相关使用标准。其次,分析了麦蛋白水解液石膏缓凝剂、柠檬酸、六偏磷酸钠等几种不同的建筑石膏用缓凝剂对脱硫石膏的凝结时间、强度损失等的影响,同时也对不同pH值条件下的缓凝作用的凝结硬化的特征、强度损失的原因等进行了分析,并针对麦蛋白水解液这种新型石膏缓凝剂,进行了缓凝机理的分析。结果表明:麦蛋白水解液石膏缓凝剂的缓凝效果更好,且对二水石膏晶体形貌影响也相对较小,这是对石膏的强度损失影响低的根本原因。再次,为改善石膏制品的防水性能,本次研究中合成了两种建筑石膏用有机硅防水剂:一是以氨基官能团硅烷为偶联剂,添加乳化剂等,制备出性能优良的新型建筑石膏用防水剂,改善传统的甲基硅醇盐类有机硅防水剂防水效果不理想,在石膏制品生产过程中易随水分流失的缺点。研究结果表明:该新型建筑石膏用防水剂中有机硅单体分子之间在基材表面形成硅树脂网络,而以羟基羧酸盐为乳化剂引入了RCOO—,并与Al3+、Ca2+形成配合物网络结构,在基材表面另形成一层膜,增强与基材表面的结合能力,进一步提高了石膏的耐水能力;该新型建筑石膏用防水剂对石膏的强度不会产生明显的不利影响,适用于石膏当中;在石膏的软化系数的改善方面,较常用的有机硅建筑防水剂(甲基硅醇钠)有了明显的提高,吸水率也有了明显的降低。二是采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯等原料,以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为偶联剂,加入甲基硅醇盐,进过充分乳化、聚合等工艺制备出的另一种新型建筑石膏用防水剂。该防水剂具有掺入量低、对石膏强度影响小,并显著改善石膏的防水性能的,改善传统的甲基硅醇盐类有机硅防水剂在石膏制品的生产过程中极易随着水分流失的缺点。最后,通过选择合适的无机耐水材料,并与有机硅防水剂复合使用,进一步改善砌块的防水性能,为开发出强度高,软化系数高,防水性能好的石膏砌块提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:The development and use of gypsum products, widely used in thermal power plant chemical enterprises or industrial waste gypsum, which saves natural resources, reduce pollution two industrial by-product gypsum, but also conducive to the sustainable development of economy. Therefore, the research and development of waterproof gypsum products can be high, either from the resources the development, energy saving and environmental protection, solid waste comprehensive utilization etc, or from the development of new building materials, has important social and economic benefits. Although the gypsum has the light quality, "breathing wall" and other excellent performance, but it also has some disadvantages, such as low strength, waterproof, moisture-proof performance poor, which greatly hindered the development and use of it. Therefore, this article from the Huainan thermal power plant, solid waste gypsum based analysis of the mineral composition and structure optimization of suitable building stone; Gypsum retarder, and analyzes its retarding mechanism; through a series of experiments made with silicone waterproofing agent requirements, and the waterproof mechanism was analyzed; finally, the organosilicon waterproofing agent and inorganic composite waterproof material, waterproof performance further improved blocks. Through the above work, to develop strength high, high softening coefficient, good waterproof performance of gypsum block to provide ideas. First, through the thermogravimetric analysis of mineral composition and structure of the desulfurization gypsum, and studied its chemical composition and content by X fluorescence spectrometry analysis, the research results show that beta hemihydrate gypsum content is above 71.4%, uses the standard. Secondly, the analysis of wheat protein hydrolysate gypsum retarder, citric acid, six sodium phosphate gypsum several different corrosion agent on the setting time of gypsum, affecting the strength loss, but also on the different pH The eigenvalue hardening retarding effect under the condition of the strength loss reasons were analyzed, and the wheat protein hydrolysate retarder of this new type of gypsum, analyzed the retarding mechanism. The results showed that wheat protein hydrolysate gypsum Retarder's effect is better, and the impact on the two water gypsum the crystal morphology is relatively small, this is the root cause of the low impact strength loss of gypsum. Thirdly, to improve the performance of waterproof gypsum products, in this study the synthesis of organosilicon waterproofing agent for building gypsum two kinds: one is to aminofunctional silane as coupling agent, emulsifier, water proofing agent system model the excellent performance of the building gypsum was to improve the traditional methyl silanolate salts of organosilicon waterproofing agent waterproof effect is not ideal, in the production process of gypsum products with moisture loss shortcomings. The results show that the new building gypsum The formation of silicon resin network on the surface of the substrate between the organosilicon waterproofing agent in the monomer molecule, with hydroxy carboxylic acid salt as emulsifier into RCOO, Al3+ and Ca2+, forming a complex network structure, the other is formed on the substrate surface of a membrane, and enhance the binding ability of the substrate surface, improve the gypsum resistance further the new building waterproofing agent; gypsum has the obvious adverse effect on the strength of not plaster, plaster applied to them; in terms of the softening coefficient of gypsum improved silicone building waterproof agent commonly used (sodium methyl silanolate) has been significantly improved, water absorption rate has been significantly reduced. The two is the use of methyl methacrylate as raw materials, using vinyl triethoxysilane as coupling agent, adding methyl silicone, into fully prepared emulsion polymerization process, another new building gypsum with the waterproof agent with waterproof agent. A mixing amount is low, little influence on the strength of gypsum, and significantly improve the waterproof performance of gypsum, improve the production process of methyl silicone alcohol salts of organosilicon waterproofing agent in traditional gypsum products easily with water loss shortcomings. Finally, by choosing suitable inorganic waterproof material, and compound silicone waterproof agent to further improve the waterproof performance of the block, for the development of high strength, high softening coefficient, and provide a theoretical basis for the gypsum block good waterproof performance.

【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ177.3

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