多孔碳材料的设计合成及其在能源存储与转换领域中的应用

发布时间：2018-02-10 01:05

本文关键词： 多孔碳合成储能材料超级电容器电化学性能　出处：《科学通报》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：人类当前面临越来越突出的能源短缺和环境恶化两大难题,新能源的开发具有极其重要意义.超级电容器是实现能源存储与转换的一种新兴绿色储能器件,具有非常广阔的应用前景.电极材料是储能器件的关键部件,而比表面积、孔结构、电导率和表面性质是决定其电化学性能的4个关键因素,上述因素通常又依赖于其合成方法和条件.多孔碳材料具有成本低廉、比表面积与电导率高、微结构可控/表面易于功能化以及优越的化学稳定性和突出的离子可及性等特点,通过合成方法和条件的调控,设计合成的多孔碳作为储能材料使用时展现出高的能量密度与功率密度,以及优越的电化学循环稳定性能.本文首先介绍目前活性碳、碳气凝胶、碳纤维、介孔碳、碳纳米管和石墨烯等多种形态的碳材料的研究进展;然后结合本研究组的研究工作,对分级孔碳、多孔碳球、超微孔碳、功能化多孔碳以及多孔碳复合材料的设计合成及其在能源存储与转换领域中的应用研究状况进行总结;最后对其发展趋势作出适当的评述.
[Abstract]:Human beings are facing more and more serious problems of energy shortage and environmental deterioration. The development of new energy sources is of great significance. Supercapacitors are a new green energy storage device for energy storage and conversion. Electrode materials are the key components of energy storage devices, and the specific surface area, pore structure, conductivity and surface properties are the four key factors to determine their electrochemical performance. These factors usually depend on their synthesis methods and conditions. Porous carbon materials are characterized by low cost, high specific surface area and conductivity, controllable microstructure / easy functionalization, excellent chemical stability and outstanding ion accessibility. By adjusting the synthesis methods and conditions, the porous carbon was designed to be used as energy storage material with high energy density and power density, as well as excellent electrochemical cycling stability. In this paper, the current active carbon and carbon aerogels are introduced. Carbon fiber, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene, etc. The design and synthesis of functional porous carbon and porous carbon composites and their applications in energy storage and conversion are summarized. Finally, the development trend of functional porous carbon and porous carbon composites is reviewed.
【作者单位】：同济大学化学科学与工程学院上海市化学品分析、风险评估与控制重点实验室;

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