多功能特殊浸润性过滤型油水分离材料的制备与研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 07:58

本文关键词： 油水分离特殊浸润性界面材料微米纳米复合材料　出处：《清华大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着工业生产和日常生活中含油污水的大量排放和频繁发生的原油泄漏,以及各行各业对所使用油品的纯度及杂质含量提出的更高要求,油水分离材料及技术密切影响着社会生产、人民生活和生态环境诸多领域。油水分离是界面科学的问题,利用特殊浸润性物质制备油水分离材料成为了非常重要的研究方向。特殊浸润性材料解决了传统材料和方法效率低、能耗高、选择性差等问题,推动了油水分离材料的进展。本论文在此研究背景下,面对复杂多样的油水混合物体系,致力于发展多功能油水分离材料,通过将特殊浸润性质与微米纳米复合结构材料相结合,提出了针对环境友好问题、分离过程外界可控问题以及乳液分离问题的有效解决方法,拓展了特殊浸润性质材料在工业、生活中的潜在应用,为科学理论产业化提供了有力铺垫。本文主要工作具体如下:1)利用贻贝仿生化学和迈克尔加成反应制备“除油型”油水分离网,实现对一系列油水混合物的分离,具有分离速度快、选择性好、可重复使用(使用30次分离效率大于99.5%)、高承压(约2.2 k Pa)等优势。解决了“除油型”油水分离材料制备工艺复杂和含氟物质使用的问题。将贻贝仿生化学应用到油水分离领域,具有活性位点的聚多巴胺膜,为其它亲水性和响应性物质的修饰提供了平台。2)通过光引发自由基聚合的方式制备了具有温度和p H双重响应的PDMAEMA水凝胶复合膜。该复合网实现了温度原位可控油水分离,可以使油水混合物中的水相和油相有序地通过复合网并收集。进一步通过结合于硬脂酸的静电自组装作用,实现了p H原位可控油水分离。该材料在智能可控分离中有良好的应用前景。3)利用贻贝仿生化学和St(?)ber反应,制备了可用于高度稳定油包水型乳液的分离网。通过结合功能性二氧化硅纳米小球破乳剂和网膜特殊浸润性,实现了三氯甲烷、甲苯、汽油和柴油的表面活性剂稳定型油包水乳液的破乳和分离。此外,复合网具有热稳定性,可重复使用及易保存等优点。4)通过一步简单浸渍的方法,制备了适用于高度稳定水包油型乳液分离材料。将亲水的多乙烯多胺和盐酸多巴胺修饰到混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜上,探究特殊浸润性和孔径效应的破乳分离性能,实现了滤膜破乳同时具有高选择(分离效率99.6%)和高通量特性(约30000 Lm-2h-1bar-1)。材料具有水下超疏油和对油低粘附的特性,使用过程中不易被油粘附和污染,因此材料的重复使用和回收变的简单易行。
[Abstract]:With the massive discharge of oily sewage and frequent oil leakage in industrial production and daily life, as well as the higher requirements for the purity and impurity content of the oil used in various industries, Oil and water separation materials and technologies have a close impact on social production, people's lives and ecological environment. Oil and water separation is an interface science problem. It has become a very important research direction to prepare oil-water separation materials by using special infiltrating materials, which solve the problems of low efficiency of traditional materials and methods, high energy consumption, poor selectivity and so on. In this research background, in the face of complex and diverse oil-water mixture system, we are committed to the development of multi-functional oil-water separation materials. By combining the special wetting properties with the micron-nano composite structure materials, the effective solutions to the environment-friendly problems, the external controllable problems in the separation process and the emulsion separation problems are put forward, which extend the special soakage materials in industry. The potential applications in life provide a powerful cushion for the industrialization of scientific theory. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1) the "oil-removing" oil-water separation network is prepared by using bionic chemistry of mussels and Michael addition reaction. The separation of a series of oil-water mixtures has the advantages of high separation speed and good selectivity. Reusable (30 times separation efficiency greater than 99.5%, high pressure (about 2.2 kPa), etc.) solves the problems of complex preparation process of oil-water separation material "deoiling type" and the use of fluorine-containing substances. The bionic chemistry of mussel is applied to the field of oil-water separation. Polydopamine films with active sites, For the modification of other hydrophilic and reactive substances, the PDMAEMA hydrogel composite membrane with temperature and pH double response was prepared by photo-induced radical polymerization. The water and oil phases in the oil-water mixture can be ordered through the composite network and collected. Further, by electrostatic self-assembly combined with stearic acid, This material has a good application prospect in intelligent controllable separation. 3) it uses bionic chemistry of mussel and Stu? A separation net for highly stable oil-in-water emulsion was prepared by using ber reaction. By combining functional silica nanoparticles demulsifier and special omentum wettability, trichloromethane and toluene were realized. The demulsification and separation of gasoline and diesel surfactant stabilized oil-in-water emulsion. In addition, the composite network has the advantages of thermal stability, reusability and easy preservation. The hydrophilic polyvinyl polyamine and dopamine hydrochloride were modified into the mixed cellulose ester microporous filter membrane to study the demulsification and separation performance of special wettability and pore size effect. The filter membrane demulsification has high selectivity (separation efficiency 99.6) and high throughput (about 30000 Lm-2h-1bar-1) at the same time. Therefore, the reuse and recycling of materials is simple and easy.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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