利用磷渣、磷尾矿制备硅酸钙板的研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 16:29

  本文关键词： 磷渣 磷尾矿 硅酸钙板 流浆成型 均匀设计　出处：《武汉工程大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国工业化快速发展,矿产资源被大量开采,矿产副产物堆积如山,引发了一系列环境、安全、生态等问题。我国磷矿资源丰富,但80%以上属于低品位磷矿,磷矿工业在开采、生产过程中产生大量磷尾矿、磷渣,课题研究以磷矿工业产生的固体废弃物为主要原料制备建筑材料,以达到综合利用矿产资源、保护生态环境的目的。课题利用磷渣、磷尾矿为主要原料来制备D0.8、D1.3两种类别的硅酸钙板制品,对实验原料进行了系统的分析后,选取流浆成型法制备实验试件,通过有限制均匀设计设计实验配比,二次多项式逐步回归求出最佳实验配比,确定最佳蒸压养护制度,主要研究内容如下:(1)磷渣作为胶凝材料化学性能的测定,对比研究S95级、S105级磷渣作为胶凝材料对胶砂标准稠度用水量、流动度、凝结时间、活性指数的影响,以化学性能的提高和球磨磷渣的能耗综合评判,确定磷渣球磨到S95级为最佳。(2)磷尾矿作为惰性填料制备硅酸钙板的研究,通过有限制均匀设计直接优化法设计实验配方,对实验结果进行二次多项式逐步回归求得最佳实验配比,对最佳配比制备试件进行密度、力学性能测试,改变蒸养制度,确定其最佳蒸养制度为180℃保温6h,保温6h制备出的制品D0.8类抗折强度5MPa、D1.3类制品抗折强度7MPa,力学性能未能达到预期的效果,再者磷尾矿的添加量不足5%,工业废弃物利用率较低,磷尾矿作为惰性填料制备硅酸钙板不具可行性。(3)磷尾矿的煅烧、分级处理,磷尾矿显微照片发现磷灰石、白云石和石英互相粘接在一起,不同矿物颗解离不充分,通过煅烧、破碎使得矿物颗粒分离,气流分级为富磷产物、富钙镁产物、富硅产物。分别在800℃、850℃、900℃及1000℃煅烧尾矿并分析煅烧后样品显微照片,得到最佳煅烧温度。将在该温度下煅烧尾矿物料在频率为15Hz条件下破碎,让不同矿物颗粒分离;再对破碎后的尾矿物料按照在5~40Hz间的8种频率由大到小依次进行气流分级,对分级后各频率对应物料做XRD衍射测试,并对XRD图谱全谱拟合进行定量分析。结果表明,850℃为最佳煅烧温度,磷尾矿在此温度下煅烧产物分离彻底且磷灰石颗粒结构未垮塌;在5~25Hz频率范围内为富磷产物,小于5Hz为富硅产物,大于25Hz为富钙镁产物。(4)煅烧分级尾矿制备硅酸钙板的研究,将分级出的富硅、钙镁产物、磷渣作为主要原料,通过有限制均匀设计直接优化法设计实验配方,并通过回归分析求得最佳实验配比,改变蒸养保温时间,测定保温时间对制品性能的影响,确定最佳配方、保温时间并对其制品进行系统各项性能测试。结果表明,180℃蒸养保温6h作为最佳保温时间,其抗折强度D0.8类5.5MPa、D1.3类9.5MPa,不燃性达到A1级,导热系数0.20W/m*K。在磷尾矿煅烧、分级制备硅酸钙板过程中,分级产物中富磷产物可以用作磷化工的原料,富钙镁、富硅产物用作制备板材,实现了尾矿的资源化利用。同时结合磷化工生产的磷渣,使得磷矿工业产生的废弃物被最大限度的综合利用。再者制备出的板材轻质、保温隔热,板材在市场上具有较强的竞争力。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of China's industrialization, the mineral resources are mined, mineral by-product pile up like a mountain hand has caused a series of environmental, ecological, safety, and other issues. China's phosphate resources are abundant, but more than 80% belong to low grade phosphate ore, phosphate rock in the mining industry, resulting in a large number of phosphate tailings, the production process of phosphorus slag. Solid waste of research to the preparation of phosphate industry building materials as the main raw material, in order to achieve the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, protect the ecological environment. Study by using phosphorus slag, phosphorus tailings as the main raw material for the preparation of D0.8, calcium silicate board D1.3 products in two categories, the experimental materials were analyzed after selection, preparation of slurry flow test sample, through a restricted uniform design experimental ratio, two times polynomial stepwise regression to obtain the optimum experimental ratio, determine the best autoclaved curing system, the main research contents Are as follows: (1) phosphorus slag as the determination of chemical properties of cementitious materials, comparative study of S95 grade, S105 grade phosphorus slag as cementitious materials with water, standard consistency on mortar fluidity, setting time, activity index, comprehensive evaluation and improve the energy consumption by ball milling and chemical properties of phosphorus slag, determine phosphorus slag milling to grade S95 is the best. (2) of phosphate tailings as inert filler to prepare calcium silicate board, through the limited uniform design direct optimization method design experimental formula, the experimental results were two polynomial stepwise regression to obtain the optimum experimental ratio, the best ratio of the prepared specimen density, mechanical properties test, change of steam curing system, the optimum steam curing system is 180 DEG C 6H prepared 6h system, thermal insulation products D0.8 flexural strength 5MPa, flexural strength of 7MPa D1.3 products, the mechanical properties of failed to achieve the desired effect, add enough phosphate tailings 5 %, the low utilization rate of industrial waste, phosphate tailings as inert filler to prepare calcium silicate board is not feasible. (3) calcined phosphate tailings grading, phosphate tailings micrograph found apatite, dolomite and quartz are mutually spliced together, a different mineral dissociation is not sufficient, the mineral particles by calcination, crushing and separation and air classification for the rich phosphorus product, rich magnesium products, rich silicon products. In 800 C, 850 C, 900 C and 1000 C and calcined samples calcined tailings of micrographs, obtained the optimum calcination temperature. The temperature in the tail mineral material broken under the condition of 15Hz in frequency, so that different minerals the particle separation of tailings; material crushing after in accordance with the 8 frequency between 5~40Hz from high to low airflow grading, grading of the frequency corresponding to the XRD diffraction test materials, and the XRD map the whole spectrum fitting for quantitative analysis. Results 琛ㄦ槑,850鈩冧负鏈，

本文编号：1515945