微生物燃料电池脱氮产电性能的研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 05:15

本文关键词： 微生物燃料电池厌氧活性污泥产电性能大肠杆菌亚甲基蓝中性红氨氮　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：微生物燃料电池是一种以微生物作为催化剂,将有机物中的化学能转化为电能的装置。它在产生电能的同时能够处理废水,是一种清洁可再生的能源。此外,由于其原料来源广泛,能源利用率高,环保无污染,因而作为一种新技术被广泛应用于污水处理中。生物法脱氮是指在微生物作用下,将有机氮和氨氮通过硝化和反硝化共同作用下转化为氮气的过程。本文的主要研究内容及结论如下,(1)综述部分论述了本论文选题的背景及意义。重点论述了氨氮的来源、危害、及去除方法与工艺,同时论述了微生物燃料电池的定义、原理、特点、发展、应用、电子传递机理及中介体的作用。(2)基于微生物脱盐电池去除水中盐分的功能,将微生物燃料电池与生物脱氮技术相结合,设计了一种新式的三室微生物燃料电池,在产生电能的同时能够去除废水中的氨氮。利用其产生的电能将NH_4~+通过阳离子交换膜从中间室迁移到阴极室,在阴极室NH_4~+在硝化菌和反硝化菌同步作用下转化为氮气而被去除。证明了此微生物燃料电池在去除氨氮的同时能够产生电能。(3)阳极接种厌氧活性污泥,阴极接种好氧活性污泥。研究了中间室氨氮浓度,阴极面积,电极间距,阴极室中溶解氧浓度对氨氮的去除及产电性能的影响。实验结果表明,中间室氨氮起始浓度越大,氨氮去除所需时间就越长,即此微生物燃料电池处理低浓度氨氮废水的效果较好。当阴极板表面积为50cm~2,两电极距离为13cm,阴极室溶解氧浓度在5-6mg/L时,中间室氨氮的去除率达到最大值96.8%,最终总氮的去除率达到最大值89.0%,产生的电压达到最大值480mV。(4)研究了微生物燃料电池中氨氮的迁移转化规律。实验结果表明,NH_4~+通过阳离子交换膜从中间室迁移到阴极室的速率与电流密度有关。在开路没有电流通过的情况下,NH_4~+迁移量为0.60mg·L~(-1)·h~(-1)。当电流密度较小时,NH_4~+迁移速率与电流密度呈正相关关系,当电流密度达到某一较大值后,NH_4~+迁移速率将达到最大。此后,电流密度的增加不会引起NH_4~+迁移速率的增加。(5)阳极接种大肠杆菌,阴极接种好氧活性污泥。研究了在无外加中介体,添加亚甲基蓝中介体和添加中性红中介体三种情况下微生物燃料电池的产电性能。实验结果表明,添加中介体可以提高微生物燃料电池的开路电压,缩短开路电压达到稳定的时间。以亚甲基蓝为中介体时微生物燃料电池的开路电压更易达到稳定值,而以中性红为中介体时微生物燃料电池达到的稳定开路电压较前者高。无外加中介体,添加亚甲基蓝中介体和添加中性红中介体微生物燃料电池的开路电压分别在105、52和70h后达到了稳定值520、630和690mV。同时,研究表明以亚甲基蓝为中介体时微生物燃料电池比使用以中性红为中介体时微生物燃料电池的稳定性好。
[Abstract]:A microbial fuel cell is a device that uses microorganisms as a catalyst to convert the chemical energy in organic compounds into electricity. It generates electricity while treating wastewater, and is a clean and renewable energy source. As a new technology, it is widely used in wastewater treatment because of its wide source of raw materials, high energy efficiency, environmental protection and no pollution. The process of converting organic nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen into nitrogen by nitrification and denitrification. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the background and significance of this paper are discussed, and the origin and harm of ammonia nitrogen are discussed. At the same time, the definition, principle, characteristics, development, application, electron transfer mechanism and the role of intermediary of microbial fuel cell are discussed, and the function of microbial desalting battery to remove salt in water is discussed. A novel three-compartment microbial fuel cell was designed by combining microbial fuel cell with biological denitrification technology. Ammonia nitrogen can be removed from the wastewater while generating electric energy, and the NH _ 4~ ~ can be transported from the middle chamber to the cathode cell by cationic exchange membrane with the energy generated by it. NH _ 4s ~ in cathode chamber were converted to nitrogen under the simultaneous action of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. It is proved that this microbial fuel cell can produce electricity at the same time as removing ammonia nitrogen, and can be inoculated with anaerobic activated sludge at the anode. The effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, cathode area, electrode spacing, dissolved oxygen concentration in cathode chamber on ammonia nitrogen removal and electrical properties were studied. The experimental results showed that the higher the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the middle chamber, the greater the initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen. The longer the ammonia nitrogen removal takes, the better the microbial fuel cell is for treating low concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater. When the surface area of cathode plate is 50 cm ~ (-2), the distance between two electrodes is 13 cm, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in cathode chamber is 5-6 mg / L. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the intermediate chamber reached the maximum value of 96.8 and the final removal rate of total nitrogen reached the maximum value of 89.0 and the generated voltage reached the maximum value of 480 MV. 4) the transfer and transformation of ammonia nitrogen in microbial fuel cells were studied. The experimental results showed that NH _ 4 ~ + passed through. The migration rate of cationic exchange membrane from the middle cell to the cathode cell is related to the current density. When the current density is small, there is a positive correlation between the current density and the migration rate of NH _ 4-, and the migration amount of NH _ 4 ~ is 0.60 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路h ~ (-1), when the current density is small, the migration rate of NH _ 4 ~ ~ is positively correlated with the current density. When the current density reaches a certain value, the migration rate of NH _ 4 ~ ~ will reach the maximum. After that, the increase of current density will not cause the increase of NH _ 4 ~ migration rate. 5) the anodic inoculation of Escherichia coli will not be caused by the increase of current density. Cathodic inoculation of aerobic activated sludge. The electrical properties of microbial fuel cells without adding methylene blue intermediates and neutral red intermediates were studied. The open circuit voltage of microbial fuel cell can be increased by adding intermediary, and the open circuit voltage of microbial fuel cell can be shortened to a stable time. The open circuit voltage of microbial fuel cell can reach stable value more easily when methylene blue is used as intermediary. When neutral red is used as intermediary, the stable open circuit voltage of microbial fuel cell is higher than that of the former. The open circuit voltages of microbial fuel cells with methylene blue and neutral red intermediates reached a stable value of 520,630 MV and 690mV after 105h and 70h, respectively. The results show that the stability of microbial fuel cells with methylene blue is better than that with neutral red.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM911.45

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