防电磁辐射用镀镍铜玻璃纤维的制备与应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 15:16

  本文关键词： 玻璃纤维 化学镀 电磁辐射污染 电磁波屏蔽 电磁环境保护 电磁屏蔽涂料　出处：《成都理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,各种电子电气设备在军事、通讯、医学、工农业等领域的应用越来越广泛,所产生的电磁辐射也越来越强。日益严重的电磁辐射会产生电磁干扰、电磁信息泄密和电磁环境污染。防电磁波屏蔽涂料因其性价比较高,在防电磁波辐射污染中发挥着重要的作用。但传统的电磁波屏蔽涂料多由比重大、成本高但导电性优良的金、银、铜、镍等粉末或比重小、成本低但导电性一般的炭黑、石墨、电气石和碳纤维等导电填料组成。玻璃纤维作为一种新型无机非金属材料,其导电性较差,通过化学镀等方法制备的导电玻璃纤维,可改善其导电性,提高其性价比,拓宽其用途。与传统的碳纤维、黄铜纤维、铝纤维等相比,导电玻璃纤维的比重小、成本低、导电性好。研究开发新型导电玻璃纤维具有一定的工程意义和经济价值。本论文在前期研究基础上,选择了导电性较好的Cu和具有良好的耐腐蚀性、抗氧化性的Ni作为玻璃纤维的镀敷金属,利用化学镀技术,通过除油清洗、活化敏化等预处理后,以硫酸镍(Ni S04·6H20),硫酸铜(Cu S04·5H20)作为主盐,次磷酸钠(Na H2PO2·H2O)为还原剂,氨三乙酸N((CH2COOH)3)为络合剂,制备出了镀镍铜玻璃纤维。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)等对其进行了分析和表征。将制备的镀镍铜玻璃纤维与镍粉混合成复合屏蔽填料添加到环氧树脂中制备出了一种新型防电磁辐射用镀铜镍玻璃纤维/镍粉/环氧树脂电磁波屏蔽复合涂料,并对其导电性、屏蔽效能和其它物理化学性能进行了分析测试。本研究为提高玻璃纤维的性价比,扩宽其应用领域以及为研制开发新型经济实用型电磁波屏蔽材料提供了一种新的思路和方法。本论文得到的主要结论如下:玻璃纤维的预处理工艺为:经丙酮除油处理后的玻璃纤维用1%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶液表面改性,用60-65%的硝酸溶液进行粗化处理,用12 g/L Sn Cl2·2H2O和30 g/L HCl混合溶液敏化处理后,用0.5 g/L Pd Cl2和1 m L/L HCl进行活化处理,用1.0-3.5%的次亚磷酸钠溶液对玻璃纤维进行还原处理。化学镀镍铜玻璃纤维所用镀液的基础工艺配方为:30~40 g/L的硫酸镍(Ni S04·6H20)和5~10 g/L的硫酸铜(Cu S04·5H20)为主盐,25~50 g/L的次磷酸钠(Na H2PO2·H2O)为稳定剂,30~50 g/L的氨三乙酸N((CH2COOH)3)为络合剂等;其中,镀液的p H值为4.8,化学镀的温度为88℃,施镀时间为1~2h。用EDS对化学镀镍铜前后的玻璃纤维进行分析表明,镀镍铜玻璃纤维的中Ni、Cu的重量百分含量分别从0.13%和0.68%增加至17.39%和1.91%,Ni、Cu的原子百分含量分别从0.05%和0.22%增加至5.77%和0.59%;用数字万用表测得镀镍铜玻璃纤维的电阻为0.85?,而未镀镍铜的玻璃纤维为绝缘体,化学镀镍铜改善了玻璃纤维的成分和导电性。将镀Ni-Cu玻璃纤维和镍粉按照一定比例混合,制成复合屏蔽填料,用环氧树脂作粘结剂,制备出了一种新型的镀Ni-Cu玻璃纤维/镍粉/环氧树脂电磁波屏蔽复合涂料;当镀Ni-Cu玻璃纤维的添加量达到复合填料含量的5 wt%,涂层厚度为0.3 mm时,涂层的电阻率为1.32??cm,比未添加的降低1.08??cm,在300 k Hz-1.5 GHz频段范围内,涂层的电磁波屏蔽效能达到了35.822-41.924 d B,比未添加的提高了1.17-8.79 d B;镀Ni-Cu玻璃纤维/镍粉/环氧树脂电磁波屏蔽复合涂料的主要物理性能指标已达到我国SJ/T 10674—1995《涂料涂覆通用技术条件》的有关规定。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology, all kinds of electrical and electronic equipment in the military, communications, medical, industrial and agricultural fields are used more and more widely, the electromagnetic radiation generated by more and more strong. The increasingly serious electromagnetic radiation will produce electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic information leakage and electromagnetic pollution of the environment. Because of its anti electromagnetic shielding coatings the higher price, the anti electromagnetic radiation pollution plays an important role. But the traditional electromagnetic shielding coatings by more than the major, but the high cost of good conductivity of gold, silver, copper, nickel powder or the proportion of small, low cost but the general carbon black, conductive graphite, tourmaline and carbon fiber etc. an electrically conductive filler. Glass fiber as a new type of inorganic non-metallic materials, the poor conductivity of conductive glass fiber by electroless plating and preparation method, which can improve the conductivity, increase its price, and broaden its use. Carbon fiber, traditional brass fiber, compared with aluminum fiber, conductive glass fiber proportion of small, low cost, good conductivity. Research and development of novel conductive glass fiber has a certain engineering significance and economic value. This paper based on the previous study, choose the good conductivity of Cu and has good corrosion resistance the antioxidant activity of Ni, as a glass fiber metal plating, plating by chemical, through degreasing cleaning, activation and sensitization after pretreatment with nickel sulfate (Ni, S04, 6H20), copper sulfate (Cu S04 5H20) as the main salt, sodium hypophosphite (Na H2PO2 H2O) as reducing agent ammonia, three acetic acid (N (CH2COOH) 3) as complexing agent, was prepared by nickel plated copper glass fiber. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and so on has carried on the analysis and characterization. The prepared nickel copper nickel powder mixed with glass fiber a composite shielding filler added to epoxy The resin was prepared by a new type of anti electromagnetic radiation with copper and nickel plating of glass fiber / nickel powder / epoxy resin electromagnetic shielding composite coating, and the conductivity, shielding effectiveness and other physical and chemical properties were analyzed in this study. In order to improve the price of glass fiber, broaden its application areas and development the new economy type electromagnetic wave shielding material provides a new idea and method. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the pretreatment process of glass fiber: acetone degreasing treatment after the glass fiber with 1% gamma aminopropyltriethoxysilane solution surface modified with nitric acid solution of 60-65% rough treatment with 12 g/L Sn, Cl2 2H2O and g/L HCl 30 mixed solution after sensitization and activation treatment with 0.5 g/L Pd and 1 Cl2 m L/L HCl, using sodium hypophosphite solution 1.0-3.5% on glass fiber was also the original 澶勭悊.鍖栧�﹂暎�

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