氮掺杂石墨烯及其复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 23:18

本文选题：氮掺杂石墨烯　切入点：凝胶　出处：《武汉工程大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：石墨烯是石墨的极限形态,作为材料科学与固体物理学中的新材料,它卓越的电荷传输、热学、光学以及机械性能等特点引起了全世界学者的广泛关注和研究。氮原子由于具有与碳原子相近的原子半径,可以作为电子供体以取代的方式对石墨烯进行掺杂,生成的氮掺杂石墨烯可表现出较纯石墨烯更为优异的性能。本文以氮掺杂石墨烯为基础,分别制备了氮掺杂石墨烯凝胶、氮掺杂石墨烯/氧化锌复合材料、氮掺杂石墨烯/聚苯胺复合凝胶,并对他们的结构和性能进行了研究。首先,以氨水与水合肼的的混合溶液为还原剂和掺氮剂,利用水热反应,在较温和的条件下制备了氮掺杂石墨烯水凝胶,并冻干得到了干凝胶。SEM、XRD、红外光谱等表征结果证实材料具备多孔的三维网状结构,水凝胶的含水量约99%,干凝胶有较高的电导率。电化学测试结果表明氮掺杂石墨烯拥有较高的比电容和良好的循环稳定性及倍率性能,有望应用于超级电容器电极材料。其次,利用物理混合方法制备了氮掺杂石墨烯与氧化锌的复合材料。SEM、XRD表征结果表明两者复合较为均匀。在紫外光照射条件下以复合材料作为催化剂催化甲基橙分解,结果发现此材料具备良好的光催化性能。最后,制备了氮掺杂石墨烯/聚苯胺复合凝胶。SEM、XRD、紫外光谱表征结果证实在材料中聚苯胺与氮掺杂石墨烯均匀复合。当聚苯胺的含量较少时聚苯胺均匀地附着在石墨烯表面;当聚苯胺含量较多时,过量的聚苯胺会在片层表面过度沉积,形成颗粒。电化学测试结果表明实验制备的复合材料拥有较高的比电容、良好的倍率性能、优异的循环稳定性,该复合材料有望用做超级电容器电极材料。
[Abstract]:Graphene is the limit form of graphite, as a new material in material science and solid state physics. The characteristics of optical and mechanical properties have attracted worldwide attention and research. Nitrogen atom can be used as an electron donor to doping graphene in an alternative way because of its atomic radius similar to that of carbon atom. The nitrogen-doped graphene exhibits better performance than pure graphene. In this paper, nitrogen-doped graphene gels and nitrogen-doped graphene / zinc oxide composites were prepared based on nitrogen-doped graphene. The structure and properties of nitrogen-doped graphene / Polyaniline composite gels were studied. Firstly, the mixed solution of ammonia and hydrazine hydrate was used as reducing agent and nitrogen admixture. Nitrogen doped graphene hydrogels were prepared under mild conditions, and the results of freeze-dried xerogel, SEMX, XRD, IR spectra confirmed that the materials had porous three-dimensional reticular structure. The water content of hydrogel is about 99 and the xerogel has high conductivity. The electrochemical test results show that nitrogen-doped graphene has high specific capacitance, good cycle stability and rate performance, so it is expected to be used as electrode material for supercapacitor. The XRD characterization of nitrogen-doped graphene and zinc oxide composites prepared by physical mixing method showed that the composite was homogeneous. The composite material was used as catalyst to catalyze the decomposition of methyl orange under ultraviolet irradiation. The results show that this material has good photocatalytic performance. A nitrogen-doped graphene / Polyaniline composite gel, SEMN XRD, was prepared. The UV spectra showed that Polyaniline was homogeneously combined with nitrogen-doped graphene. When the content of Polyaniline was low, Polyaniline was uniformly attached to the surface of graphene. When the content of polyphenylamine is high, excessive Polyaniline deposits on the lamellar surface to form particles. The electrochemical test results show that the composite prepared by the experiment has high specific capacitance, good rate performance and excellent cycling stability. The composite is expected to be used as electrode material for supercapacitor.
【学位授予单位】：武汉工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB33

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