用于高温气冷堆的核石墨（英文）

发布时间：2018-03-14 20:48

本文选题：核石墨　切入点：高温气冷堆　出处：《新型炭材料》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：自1942年首次在CP-1反应堆中使用以来,核石墨因其优异的综合性能,在核反应堆特别高温气冷堆中被广泛使用。作为第四代候选堆型之一,高温气冷堆主要包括球床堆和柱状堆两种堆型。在两种堆型中,石墨主要用作慢化剂、燃料元件基体材料及堆内结构材料。在反应堆运行中,中子辐照使得石墨的相关性能下降甚至可能失效。原材料及成型方式对于石墨的结构、性能及其在辐照中的表现起到决定性的作用。辐照中石墨微观结构及尺寸的变化是其宏观热力学性能变化的内在原因,辐照温度及剂量对于石墨的结构及性能变化起决定性作用。本文介绍了高温气冷堆中核石墨的性能要求及核石墨的生产流程,阐述了不同温度及辐照条件下石墨热力学性能及微观结构的变化规律,并对当前国内外核石墨的研究现状及未来核石墨的长期发展如焦炭的稳定供应和石墨的回收进行讨论。本文可为有志于研发用于未来我国商业化的高温气冷堆中的核石墨的生产厂家提供参考。
[Abstract]:Since its first use in CP-1 reactor in 1942, nuclear graphite has been widely used in special high temperature gas cooled reactor because of its excellent comprehensive performance. High temperature gas cooled reactor mainly consists of ball bed reactor and columnar reactor. In the two types of reactor, graphite is mainly used as moderator, base material of fuel element and structural material inside reactor. Neutron irradiation makes the properties of graphite decrease or even fail. The raw material and the forming method for the structure of graphite, The change of microstructure and size of graphite during irradiation is the internal cause of the change of macroscopic thermodynamic properties. Irradiation temperature and dose play a decisive role in the change of structure and properties of graphite. This paper introduces the performance requirements of nuclear graphite in high temperature gas cooled reactor and the production process of nuclear graphite. The variation of thermodynamic properties and microstructure of graphite at different temperatures and irradiation conditions are described. The present research situation of nuclear graphite at home and abroad and the long-term development of nuclear graphite in the future, such as the stable supply of coke and the recovery of graphite, are discussed. The nuclear graphite manufacturers provide reference.
【作者单位】：清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院先进核能技术协同创新中心先进反应堆工程与安全教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：State Scholarship Foundation of China(201406215002) Chinese National S&T Major Project(ZX06901) Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20121088038)~~
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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