多孔炭和流动电极的制备及其脱盐性能的研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 07:40

本文选题：电容去离子　切入点：碳气凝胶　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电容去离子(Capacitive deionization, CDI)技术是在多级闪蒸、电渗析和反渗透等海水淡化方法出现之后发展起来的另一项新型脱盐方法,它具有能耗低、脱盐效率高和无二次污染等优点,是近些年来备受关注的新技术。该技术基于双电层原理,通过在电极间施加一个静电场,使溶液中的离子向带有反向电荷的电极处移动,从而实现脱除水中离子达到净化水的目的。材料结构的调控以及新型材料的合成是电容去离子技术的核心。本论文围绕材料的调控与合成,研究了炭材料的结构和表面性质及脱盐性能之间的关系,具体如下：(1)以离子液体为模板剂,使用甲醛和间苯二酚为原料,通过溶胶凝胶法合成有机凝胶。进一步通过炭化及活化工艺得到多孔的碳气凝胶。离子液体的加入,可以调控碳气凝胶的孔隙结构,并简化了碳气凝胶的制备工艺、缩短了生产周期。利用氮气吸附仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜表征其孔结构和形貌特征；采用电化学工作站以及平板式脱盐装置分析其电化学性能及脱盐性能。结果表明：所制备的碳气凝胶电极具有优异的电化学性能(1mol L-1 NaCl电解液中,2 mV s-1的扫速下,比电容值为88 F g-1)、较高的吸附容量(7.5 mg g-1)及良好的循环性能。(2)为了简化电极的制备步骤及提高碳电极的循环使用性等,本章在平板式脱盐装置的基础上,提出了一种新型的流动式脱盐方法,并设计了流动式脱盐装置。利用商业碳制备流动电极,初步探索了电压、流速以及盐溶液浓度与脱盐性能的关系,确立了最佳实验操作条件；制备了一种氧化石墨烯Picking乳液新型材料,利用偏光显微镜和粘度分析仪观察氧化石墨烯乳液的形貌特征和黏度；使用流动脱盐装置分析其脱盐性能。结果表明：所制备的氧化石墨烯Picking乳液具有稳定性强、流动性好、脱盐能力高、吸附量大(9.3 mg g1)等特点。
[Abstract]:The capacitive deionization (CDI) technology is another new desalination method developed after the emergence of multi-stage flash, electrodialysis and reverse osmosis desalination. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, high desalination efficiency and no secondary pollution. It is a new technology that has attracted much attention in recent years. It is based on the principle of double layer, by applying an electrostatic field between the electrodes, the ions in the solution move to the electrode with reverse charge. The regulation of material structure and the synthesis of new materials are the core of capacitive deionization technology. This paper focuses on the regulation and synthesis of materials. The relationship between the structure, surface properties and desalination properties of carbon materials was studied, as follows: (1) using ionic liquids as templates and formaldehyde and resorcinol as raw materials, Organic gels were synthesized by sol-gel method. Porous carbon aerogels were obtained by carbonization and activation. The pore structure of carbon aerogels could be regulated by the addition of ionic liquids, and the preparation process of carbon aerogels was simplified. The production cycle was shortened. The pore structure and morphology were characterized by nitrogen adsorption apparatus, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Electrochemical performance and desalination performance of the carbon aerogel electrode were analyzed by electrochemical workstation and desalination device. The results showed that the carbon aerogel electrode had excellent electrochemical performance at the sweep rate of 2 MV s-1 in 1 mol L-1 NaCl electrolyte. In order to simplify the preparation of the electrode and improve the recycling performance of the carbon electrode, this chapter is based on the plate desalination device. A new type of fluid desalting method was proposed, and a mobile desalting device was designed. The commercial carbon was used to prepare the mobile electrode. The relationship between the voltage, the flow rate and the concentration of the salt solution and the desalting performance was preliminarily explored. A new type of graphene oxide Picking emulsion was prepared and the morphology and viscosity of graphene oxide emulsion were observed by polarizing microscope and viscosity analyzer. The desalination performance of the emulsion was analyzed by flow desalting device. The results show that the Picking emulsion prepared has the characteristics of strong stability, good fluidity, high desalting capacity and high adsorption capacity (9.3 mg / g ~ (-1)).
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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