由膨润土制备氧化铝功能材料和介孔二氧化硅工艺研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 14:54

  本文选题：膨润土　切入点：氧化铝微球　出处：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：膨润土素有“万能粘土”之称,可加工成粘结剂、悬浮剂、触变剂、催化剂等,被广泛应用于日化行业、化学工业、制药等各个领域。近年来,世界上膨润土的利用发展迅速,尤其是附加值高的膨润土产品得到了快速发展。本文研究了以膨润土制取的硫酸铝、铵明矾和水玻璃为原料制备氧化铝微球、超细氧化铝和介孔二氧化硅的工艺过程,并对其生产过程的设备进行选型、经济效益进行估算、环保进行分析；同时利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、N2吸附-脱附性能测试等手段对产品结构与形貌进行了表征。(1)实验确定的以膨润土制取的硫酸铝为原料制备氧化铝微球的最佳工艺条件,产品氧化铝总回收率可达97%。XRD图中可以看出产品主物相为a-氧化铝,SEM图可以看出产品的形貌是球形,且分散效果良好,大小为4μm。(2)实验确定了以膨润土制取的铵明矾为原料制备超细氧化铝的最佳工艺条件,XRD图中可以看出所有衍射峰均属α-Al2O3,表明制备出的产品为单相的α-Al2O3相,SEM图可以看出产品的尺寸大小为300-400 nm的超细棒状或杆状颗粒。(3)实验确定了以膨润土制取的水玻璃为原料制备介孔二氧化硅的最佳工艺条件,小角XRD图中可以看出主衍射峰与介孔MCM-41材料的衍射峰相符。样品的吸附平衡等温线表现为典型的Ⅳ型等温吸附曲线,且具有一个较小的滞后环,表明制备的样品为典型的介孔材料。(4)经济效益估算结果表明,由膨润土制备氧化铝微球和介孔二氧化硅,可以获得良好的经济效益。环保分析结果表明,该生产过程可以做到基本无三废污染,是清洁生产工艺。
[Abstract]:Bentonite, known as "universal clay", can be processed into binders, suspensions, thixotropic agents, catalysts and so on. It has been widely used in the daily chemical industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical and other fields. In recent years, the use of bentonite in the world has developed rapidly. Especially bentonite products with high added value have been developed rapidly. The process of preparing alumina microspheres, ultrafine alumina and mesoporous silica from bentonite, ammonium alum and sodium silicate as raw materials has been studied in this paper. The equipment of its production process is selected, the economic benefit is estimated, and the environmental protection is analyzed. At the same time, the structure and morphology of the product were characterized by means of optical microscope (XRDX SEMT-IRN 2 adsorption and desorption test). The optimum process conditions for preparing alumina microspheres from aluminum sulfate prepared from bentonite were determined. The total recovery rate of alumina can reach to 97%.XRD diagram. It can be seen that the main phase of the product is a-alumina. The morphology of the product is spherical, and the dispersion effect is good. The optimum technological conditions for the preparation of ultrafine alumina from ammonium alum made from bentonite were determined. All diffraction peaks were found to be 伪 -Al _ 2O _ 3, which indicated that the prepared product was a single-phase 伪 -Al _ 2O _ 3 phase and could be seen by SEM. The optimum technological conditions for preparing mesoporous silica from water glass made of bentonite were determined by the experiment of ultrafine rod or rod particle with the size of 300-400 nm. In the small angle XRD diagram, it can be seen that the main diffraction peak is consistent with the diffraction peak of mesoporous MCM-41 material. The adsorption equilibrium isotherm of the sample shows a typical type 鈪，

本文编号：1649149