不可移动文物保护中典型胶凝材料的作用机理和应用评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 21:01

本文选题：胶凝材料　切入点：传统灰浆　出处：《浙江大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：中华文明经历数千年历史发展,遗留下了许许多多的不可移动文物。这些不可移动文物长期处在野外环境中,由于自然风化、现代工业污染和人为因素影响,遭受到了不同程度的破坏,有的已濒临消亡。因此,对这些不可移动文物的保护已经刻不容缓。在文物的保存、保护和修缮过程中,最关键的材料之一是胶凝材料。胶凝材料是能从浆体变成固体,并能将散粒状或块状物质粘接成整体的材料。本论文针对不可移动文物保护中传统胶凝材料和现代胶凝材料应用中遇到的问题,结合现代文物保护材料的发展趋势,在课题组前期工作基础之上,对四类中国传统石灰基胶凝材料和现代水泥基胶凝材料进行了一系列机理和评价研究,主要研究内容包括以下几方面：传统血料灰浆在古建筑修复中应用的科学性研究。气硬性石灰作为古建筑保护材料,其优势是与古建筑本体兼容性好,不足之处是力学性能较差、固化时间长等。本工作借助传统工艺,使用动物血对气硬性灰浆进行科学改性。实验结果显示,改性后的灰浆固化速度快,具有更好的粘结性、防水性和耐候性。通过电导率、FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TG分析和固化速率实验证明灰浆性能改善与灰浆中血蛋白结构改变、疏水性增强有关。在灰浆表面,这些血蛋白通过控制晶体生长、形成坚硬的表皮从而提高固化灰浆的表面性能；在灰浆内部,它们扮演着引气剂的角色,提高灰浆的耐候性；在灰浆与被粘物界面,良好的保水性能促进了灰浆的粘结能力。传统桐油灰浆性能和机理研究。桐油-石灰灰浆是一种带有鲜明中国特色的有机-无机复合胶凝材料,在我国古代船舶防水密封、古建筑防潮、木结构防潮等方面有着十分广泛的应用。本工作结合实验室模拟样品性能测试和古代样品分析,对桐油灰浆配方、性能和作用机理进行了研究。相比普通石灰灰浆,用Ca(OH)2和熟桐油制备的桐油灰浆综合性能最佳,桐油灰浆90 d抗压强度提高72%,剪切强度提高近25倍,吸水系数降低近3个数量级,具有出色的抗冻融和抗氯离子侵蚀能力,桐油的最佳添加量约在22.5%到25%之间。SEM、XRD和FT-IR分析结果表明,桐油灰浆的有效成分是羧酸钙、固化的桐油和氢氧化钙,它的性能与氢氧化钙和熟桐油反应形成的致密微结构有关。传统糖水灰浆和蛋清灰浆科学性研究。红糖灰浆和蛋清灰浆作为我国传统石灰浆,在岭南等地区有着广泛应用。通过实验室模拟样品的物理性能测试以及灰浆固化后的成分和结构分析,探讨糖和蛋清对灰浆性能的影响及作用机理。结果表明,蔗糖和石灰反应形成蔗糖钙使石灰溶解度提高,能有效降低水灰比,使灰浆收缩和表面性质得到改善；加入蛋清能使灰浆结构变得致密,可减缓灰浆的碳化速率,使灰浆自修复能力提高。水泥基灌浆材料在危岩加固中的配方设计与失效速率研究。水泥基灌浆材料大量用于摩崖石刻、石窟危岩加固,尽管它在文物保护中使用一直备受争议,但是目前还没有可以完全替代它的材料。在实验室中,通过对有机硅、水玻璃和偏高岭土改性的水泥基灌浆材料的配方研究发现,有机硅对灌浆材料的综合性能有提升作用,水玻璃对灌浆材料性能的影响弊大于利,偏高岭土可以改善灌浆材料的工作性能。现场试验结果表明,采用超细水泥或者添加偏高岭土可以得到操作性良好的水泥基灌浆材料,便于施工使用。为了研究水泥灌浆材料的失效速率,通过模拟酸雨侵蚀水泥基灌浆材料的实验,采用表观动力学方法,发现钙离子溶出量与酸雨的pH值和ln(T)之间存在近似线性关系。与以往的方法相比,本研究提供了一种可以定量预测水泥基材料酸蚀速度的新方法。
[Abstract]:Chinese civilization has thousands of years of history, left a lot of immovable cultural relics. These immovable cultural relics in the wild environment, due to natural weathering, the influence of modern industrial pollution and human factors, suffered varying degrees of damage, and some have been on the verge of extinction. Therefore, for the protection of these can not be the cultural relics is urgent. In the preservation, protection and restoration process, one of the key materials is a cementitious material. Cementitious materials can become solid from the slurry, and can be bonded scattered granular or massive material into the overall material. This paper can not meet the traditional and modern cementitious materials cementitious materials used in mobile cultural relics protection problems in the light of the development trend of modern cultural relics protection materials, on the basis of our previous work, four kinds of China traditional lime based cementitious materials and modern cement based adhesive A series of mechanism and evaluation of cementitious materials, the main research contents include the following aspects: scientific research on the application of traditional blood feeding mortar in the restoration of ancient buildings. The protection of ancient buildings as air hardening lime material, its advantages are good compatibility with the ancient architecture of ontology, the deficiency is the poor mechanical properties and curing time this work. With the traditional process, the use of animal blood gas of hard mortar scientifically modified. Experimental results show that the modified mortar curing speed of the fast, has better adhesion, waterproof and weatherability. The electrical conductivity of FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG, analysis and experiments prove that the curing rate of change of blood protein structure to improve the performance of mortar and mortar, the mortar in the strong hydrophobicity. The surface of these blood proteins by controlling the crystal growth, the formation of hard skin so as to improve the surface properties of solidified mortar; Mortars in internal, They play the role of air entraining agent, improve the weatherability of mortar in the mortar; and the adherend interface, good water retention properties of the mortar. Promote the adhesion ability of traditional mortar performance and mechanism of tung oil tung oil. Lime mortar is a kind of organic - inorganic composite China with distinct characteristics of cementitious materials, sealing in ancient China Ship ancient building waterproof, moisture-proof, has a very wide range of applications. The wooden structure moistureproof work combined with laboratory performance test and simulation analysis of samples of ancient samples of tung oil mortar formula, properties and mechanism were studied. Compared with ordinary lime mortar, using Ca (OH) 2 and cooked tung oil system the preparation of tung oil mortar the best comprehensive performance of tung oil mortar compressive strength of 90 d increased by 72%, the shear strength increased nearly 25 times, water absorption coefficient decreased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude, with freeze-thaw resistance and excellent ability to resist chloride ion erosion, tung oil The best adding amount is about 22.5% to 25% between.SEM, XRD and FT-IR analysis results show that the effective components of tung oil mortar is a carboxylic acid calcium, curing the tung oil and calcium hydroxide, its performance and the reaction of calcium hydroxide and cooked tung oil formation of a dense microstructure. The traditional mortar and mortar in scientific research. The egg white sugar and egg white plaster mortar as China's traditional lime slurry, is widely used in south of the Five Ridges and other areas. Through laboratory simulation test physical performance test and the composition and structure of mortar after curing analysis of sugar and egg white influence on mortar performance and mechanism. The results showed that sucrose and sucrose formation reaction of lime calcium lime can effectively improve the solubility. To reduce the water cement ratio, the mortar shrinkage and surface properties were improved; add egg white can make the mortar structure become denser, the carbonation rate may slow down the mortar, the mortar self repair To improve the ability of cement grouting material in the study. The formulation design and reinforcement of rock and failure rate. The cement grouting materials for a large number of inscriptions, cave rock reinforcement, although it is used in the protection of cultural relics has been controversial, but there is no material can completely replace it. In the laboratory, based on silicone, formulation research cement water glass and metakaolin modified the discovery of the comprehensive performance of silicone on the grouting material to enhance the role of water glass, impact on the properties of grouting materials more harm than good, metakaolin to improve the working performance of grouting materials. Field test results show that the superfine cement or adding metakaolin can be obtained the operation of cement grouting material good, convenient construction. In order to study the failure rate of cement grouting material, simulated acid rain erosion of water base mud filling In the experiment of slurry material, the apparent kinetics method was used to find the approximate linear relationship between the dissolution of calcium and the pH value and ln (T) of acid rain. Compared with the previous methods, this study provides a new method for quantitatively predicting the etching rate of cement-based materials.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K87;TQ177

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