陶瓷膜处理采油废水的试验研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 17:00

本文选题：陶瓷膜 + 采油废水　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着油田采油技术的不断革新,产生出了大量的采油废水,成分复杂,极难处理。目前,隔油——气浮——过滤“老三段”处理工艺仍然是各油田的主流处理工艺,但对于水质复杂的采油废水,“老三段”及其常规处理工艺已经越来越凸显出其弊端,导致工艺出水达不到油田回注水标准,如《大庆油田地面工程建设设计规定》中的“双20”(含油量20 mg/L,悬浮物20 mg/L)回注水标准和《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》(SY/T5329-2012)中的“5 1 1”(含油量5 mg/L,悬浮物1 mg/L,粒径中值1μm)回注水标准。而不达标回注水的长期作用则会对低渗透油田的地层造成严重的损害,导致地层结垢现象严重,渗透率下降,石油采出率减少。本课题通过试验研究几种常规及组合处理工艺对采油废水的处理效果,作为陶瓷膜预处理工艺,探究陶瓷膜深度处理采油废水的运行效果,终端把关废水中油含量、悬浮物及离子含量,使出水稳定达到“5 1 1”的回注水标准,减缓回注水对低渗透油田地层和回注设施的损害,提高采油率。通过常规及组合处理工艺最佳实验条件的确定,并分析其预处理采油废水出水水质达标情况,可得出以下结论:气浮处理工艺最佳操作参数为溶气压力0.4 MPa,气水比1:11,对悬浮物、含油量、COD和粘度的去除率分别为30%、68%、11.5%和15.6%,对聚合物和表面活性剂几乎没有去除效果;混凝处理工艺的最佳投加量为30 mg/L,pH在6~8左右,对COD、悬浮物、含油量和聚合物的去除率分别为42.89%、98.2%、96.98%和62.3%;砂滤处理工艺的最佳滤速为3.1 m/h,对悬浮物、含油量、COD和聚合物的去除率分别为94%、87.7%、12%和12.5%,对粘度、表活剂几乎没有去除效果。单体处理工艺出水含油量、悬浮物去除率基本都在90%以上,但对聚合物和COD的去除率较低,出水不能达到“双20”或“5 1 1”回注水标准,而组合工艺“气浮-臭氧氧化”和“电化学-混凝”出水均能够达到“双20”回注水标准,但不能达到“51 1”回注水标准,回注地下存在对地层的危害。采用两级陶瓷膜系统深度处理水驱和三元驱采油废水,通过试验分析,可以得出:陶瓷膜通量下降趋势很明显,运行一段时间排浓并加强清洗,可以增加陶瓷膜运行时间;陶瓷膜处理水驱废水8 h排浓一次,可稳定运行,处理三元驱废水4 h排浓一次,可稳定运行31.6 h,出水能够稳定达到“5 1 1”回注水标准。水驱污染膜采用氢氧化钠+次氯酸钠清洗效果好,三元驱污染膜采用氢氧化钠+EDTA+硝酸清洗效果显著。通过对陶瓷膜进出水进行ICP分析,我们得出(1)陶瓷膜对废水中主要离子的去除率与离子半径呈正相关,离子半径越大,离子去除率越高;(2)对阴离子的去除率要稍高于阳离子;(3)离子所带电荷越多,陶瓷膜对其去除率也越大。
[Abstract]:With the continuous innovation of oil production technology, a large amount of oil production wastewater is produced, the composition is complex, and it is very difficult to treat.At present, the "old third stage" treatment process is still the mainstream treatment process in various oilfields, but the "old third stage" and its conventional treatment process have become more and more obvious to the complex water quality of oil production wastewater, and the disadvantages of the "old third stage" and its conventional treatment process have become more and more obvious.As a result, the effluent of the process does not reach the standard of oil field water injection,For example, "Shuang 20" (oil content 20 mg / L, suspended matter 20 mg / L) in "Daqing Oilfield Surface Engineering Construction Design Regulation" and "51 1" (Oil content in SYP. T5329-2012) in Water injection Standard and recommended Water quality Index and Analysis method for Clastic Reservoir5 mg / L, suspended matter 1 mg / L, median particle size 1 渭 m) water injection standard.However, the long-term action of substandard water injection will cause serious damage to the formation of low permeability oil field, resulting in serious formation scaling phenomenon, the decrease of permeability and the decrease of oil recovery rate.In this paper, the treatment effect of several conventional and combined treatment processes on oil recovery wastewater is studied. As a ceramic membrane pretreatment process, the operation effect of advanced treatment of oil recovery wastewater by ceramic membrane is explored, and the oil content in the wastewater is checked by the terminal.The content of suspended solids and ions can make the water supply reach the standard of "511", slow down the damage of water injection to the formation and injection facilities of low permeability oilfield, and improve the oil recovery rate.Through the determination of the optimum experimental conditions of conventional and combined treatment processes, and the analysis of the water quality standard of the pre-treated oil recovery wastewater, the following conclusions can be drawn: the best operating parameters of the flotation treatment process are the dissolved gas pressure 0.4 MPA, the ratio of air to water 1: 11, and the suspended solids.The removal rates of oil content and polymer were 96.98% and 62.3%, respectively, the optimum filtration rate of sand filtration process was 3.1 m / h, and the removal rates of suspended matter, oil content COD and polymer were 947.712% and 12.5%, respectively.The oil content and the removal rate of suspended matter are above 90%, but the removal rate of polymer and COD is low, and the effluent can not reach the standard of "double 20" or "511" water injection.The combined process of "air floatation-ozone oxidation" and "electrochemical coagulation" can meet the water injection standard of "double 20", but can not reach the standard of "51 1", and the underground reinjection is harmful to the formation.The two-stage ceramic membrane system is used for advanced treatment of water drive and ternary flooding oil recovery wastewater. Through experimental analysis, it can be concluded that the flux of ceramic membrane decreases obviously, and the running time of ceramic membrane can be increased by removing concentration and strengthening cleaning for a period of time.The treatment of water drive wastewater by ceramic membrane can be carried out stably once for 8 h, and once for 4 hours for the treatment of ternary flooding wastewater. The effluent can run steadily for 31.6 hours, and the effluent can reach the standard of "511" water injection.Sodium hydroxide sodium hypochlorite was used to clean the polluted film in water drive, and sodium hydroxide EDTA nitric acid was used to clean the film in ternary flooding.Through the ICP analysis of ceramic membrane in and out of water, we draw the conclusion that the removal rate of main ions in wastewater by ceramic membrane is positively correlated with the ion radius, and the larger the ion radius, the larger the ion radius.The higher the ion removal rate is, the higher the removal rate of anions is.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ028.8;X741

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