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新型燃料电池电催化剂的合成及其性能的研究

发布时间:2018-04-12 17:57

  本文选题:Ti0.7W0.3O2 + 碳纳米管 ; 参考:《华东交通大学》2015年硕士论文


【摘要】:燃料电池电催化剂是燃料电池的一部分,它影响着燃料电池的性能,也是燃料电池成本的一个重要组成部分,它是燃料电池能否商业化推广的关键因素。目前,常用的催化剂是商业Pt/C催化剂,由于成本高,资源有限,严重阻碍着Pt/C催化剂的商业化生产。特别的,Pt/C催化剂在甲醇催化过程中易CO中毒,在氧气催化还原过程中,因为甲醇渗透,产生混合电位等缺点,使得Pt/C催化剂的催化活性下降,从而也影响着燃料电池的商业化生产。因此,制备高活性,低成本,稳定性好的新型电催化剂越来越引起研究者的关注。本论文从贵金属-非贵金属合金、载体、氮源、铁源等四个方面,通过SEM,XRD,EDS,FTIR,XPS,TGA等研究手段对其进行结构形貌表征,通过电化学测试手段研究了它们对甲醇,对氧气的催化性能的影响。详细内容如下: 1.制备新型贵金属-非贵金属催化剂,研究其在甲醇燃料电池中的催化活性。 以氮-氮-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂和还原剂,制备Pt NPs、PtCu催化剂,经过酸处理,得到纯净的PtCu催化剂。并对其进行XRD,SEM,EDS进行表征,观察催化剂的形貌,测量催化剂中Pt的含量,及催化剂的组成。在酸性条件下,研究PtCu、PtNPs、Pt/C催化剂在燃料电池中作为阳极催化剂对甲醇的催化能力,抗CO中毒能力,及它们作为阴极催化剂对氧气的催化还原性能。 2.其次我们研究了不同碳载体对Pt催化剂催化活性的影响。 Ti0.7W0.3O2是一种导电性与C相比较弱的载体,但它含有的WO2可以很好的增强Pt抗CO的中毒能力,与C形成复合材料,即可以增强其导电性,又可以增强Pt催化剂抗CO的能力,提高催化活性。我们先通过溶胶凝胶法制备Ti0.7W0.3O2,然后通过水热反应初步制备Ti0.7W0.3O2@C,再经过热处理,制备具有新型核壳结构的Ti0.7W0.3O2@C。最后利用硼氢化钠原位还原得到了Pt/Ti0.7W0.3O2@C,这是一种新型的燃料电池催化剂。我们通过XRD、SEM、EDS对其结构进行表征,通过研究Pt/C、Pt/Ti0.7W0.3O2、Pt/Ti0.7W0.3O2@C催化剂在酸性溶液中对甲醇氧化的催化能力,对氧气还原的催化能力,,以及比较其在酸性溶液中的稳定性,研究不同碳载体对Pt催化剂催化性能的影响。 3.再次我们研究了N源、Fe源对催化剂催化活性的影响。 研究证明N源可以促进活性中心的形成,提高对氧气还原的催化能力,不同的N源对催化剂的影响不同。盐酸多巴胺是一种易溶于水的氮源,其单体含氮量约为7.4%,在pH=8.5的情况下容易发生自聚合生产聚多巴胺,经过高温热处理可以形成类卟啉环结构的物质。因此,我们将已经洗涤至中性的羧基化CNTs均匀分散在水中,加入盐酸多巴胺,用Tris-HCl缓冲液调pH=8.5,使聚多巴胺沉积在表面,经热处理,在CNTs上负载一层类卟啉环结构的NC,得到CNTs@NC催化剂,再与铁源络合,热处理,制备Fe-CNTs@NC催化剂。通过FTIR、XPS对其结构进行表征,通过对CNTs@NC、Fe-CNTs@NC、Pt/C催化剂在碱性条件下对氧气还原催化性能的检测,研究多巴胺,铁源对催化剂催化还原氧气的促进能力,制备新型的Fe-CNTs@NC催化剂。 4.研究表明,增大N的掺杂量可以很好的提高催化剂的催化活性,我们希望提高N源的含氮量来进一步的提高催化剂对氧气的催化还原能力。 按照文献合成一种氮含量高(12%),多孔性的有机金属框架化合物(ZIF-90),常用于气体分离。其单体含有两个N原子,两个Zn离子,利用高温热处理,可以造成Zn的流失。因此,将ZIF-90与CNTs充分混合,热处理以后,随着Zn的流失,会在CNTs表面造成多孔结构,有利于O2分子向电极表面扩散,有利于氧气还原电催化反应的进行;得到样品,经过酸处理,除去多余的Zn,得到N-CNTs催化剂,然后加入Fe源,再进行热处理,得到多孔的Fe-N-CNTs催化剂。通过FTIR、XPS进行结构表征,对ZIF-90,N-CNTs,Fe-N-CNTs、Pt/C进行氧气还原表征,研究ZIF-90、N-CNTs、Fe-N-CNTs催化氧气还原的能力,和耐甲醇的能力。
[Abstract]:In this paper , the catalytic activity of Pt / C catalyst is studied by means of SEM , XRD , EDS , FTIR , XPS , TGA etc . The catalytic performance of Pt / C catalyst is studied by means of SEM , XRD , EDS , FTIR , XPS and TGA .

1 . A new noble metal - non - noble metal catalyst was prepared and its catalytic activity in methanol fuel cell was studied .

A pure PtCu catalyst was prepared by using nitrogen - nitrogen - dimethyl formamide ( DMF ) as solvent and reducing agent . The catalysts were characterized by XRD , SEM and EDS . The catalysts were characterized by XRD , SEM and EDS . The catalysts were characterized by XRD , SEM and EDS . The catalysts were characterized by XRD , SEM and EDS .

2 . Secondly , we studied the influence of different carbon carriers on the catalytic activity of Pt catalyst .

The catalytic activity of Pt / Ti0 . 3O2 @ C was prepared by sol - gel method . The catalytic capacity of Pt / Ti0 . 7W.3 O2 , Pt / Ti0 . 3O2 @ C catalyst in acid solution was studied .

3 . We studied the influence of N source and Fe source on the catalytic activity of the catalyst .

The results show that N source can promote the formation of active centers , improve the catalytic ability of oxygen reduction , and different N sources have different influence on the catalysts .

4 . The results show that increasing the N doping amount can improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst , and we hope to increase the nitrogen content of the N source to further improve the catalytic reduction ability of the catalyst to oxygen .

According to the literature , a high nitrogen content ( 12 % ) , porous organometallic framework compound ( ZIF - 90 ) is synthesized , which is commonly used in gas separation . The monomer contains two N atoms and two Zn ions .
Through acid treatment , excess Zn was removed to get N - CNTs catalyst , then Fe source was added and heat treatment was carried out to obtain porous Fe - N - CNTs catalyst . By FTIR and XPS , structural characterization was carried out to characterize the oxygen reduction of ZIF - 90 , N - CNTs , Fe - N - CNTs and Pt / C , and the ability of ZIF - 90 , N - CNTs , Fe - N - CNTs to catalyze oxygen reduction and methanol - resistant ability were studied .

【学位授予单位】:华东交通大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:O643.36;TM911.4

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前2条

1 王彦恩;唐亚文;周益明;高颖;刘长鹏;陆天虹;;Fe对Pt-Fe/C催化剂电催化氧还原反应活性的影响[J];高等学校化学学报;2007年04期

2 ;Novel methanol-tolerant Ir-S/C chalcogenide electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in DMFC fuel cell[J];Particuology;2011年02期



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