ZnO纳米柱结构的制备与改性及其在太阳能电池中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-17 17:31

  本文选题：氧化锌 + 纳米柱　； 参考：《青岛科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：化石能源的过度消耗带来了严重的能源和环境问题,太阳能电池作为可再生清洁能源可将太阳能直接转化为电能,从而成为人们关注的焦点。在太阳能结构中,电子传输层具有非常重要的作用,收集光吸收层产生的光生电子并将电子传输到导电电极,对器件的光电转化效率有直接影响。近年来研究较多的电子传输层材料是多孔纳米Ti02颗粒,而ZnO具有高稳定性,优异的光电性能,良好的形貌可控性等优点而可以作为取代TiO2的材料。同时,ZnO的电子迁移率高且易于制备成一维纳米柱结构,可用作太阳能电池的电子传输层。因此,对ZnO纳米结构的研究成为人们优化太阳能电池结构的热点之一。本文对应用太阳能电池的ZnO纳米柱的制备工艺进行探讨,在优化工艺条件下制备得到形貌整齐、尺寸均匀的ZnO纳米柱阵列,在ZnO纳米柱阵列基础上,制备了ZnO：Al阵列和ZnO/ZnMgO纳米结构,分别作为电子传输层材料组装太阳能电池器件,并对ZnO纳米柱及优化结构和电池器件进行表征和分析。得到的主要结果如下：Ⅰ.ZnO纳米柱和纳米管阵列的制备及光电性能表征采用水浴法在ZnO种子层上生长ZnO纳米柱阵列,从种子液浓度、种子膜层数、生长液浓度、生长时间以及生长液是否添加PEI对ZnO纳米柱形貌的影响进行了研究,得出0.2 mol/L的种子液、种子膜层数为5层时得到的ZnO种子层在不添加PEI、生长液浓度为0.02 mol/L、生长3h时能够获得整齐的ZnO纳米柱阵列,纳米柱沿c轴取向生长,尺寸均匀,直径约150 nm。采用二次水浴生长的方式刻蚀得到ZnO纳米管,二次水浴温度为50℃、水浴时间为三小时时形成了中空的纳米管结构,管壁较薄约为20 nm。采用两步法制备结构为Ag/P3HT/CH3NH3PbI3/ZnO/FTO的钙钛矿太阳能电池器件。通过测试电池器件的伏安特性曲线来考察电池性能,得到ZnO最佳水浴生长条件为75 rmin,器件的最高光转化效率为4.72%,填充因子为0.43。Ⅱ.ZnO：Al纳米柱阵列的制备及光电性能表征在ZnO纳米柱阵列基础上,采用水浴法制备了不同掺杂比例的ZnO：Al纳米柱阵列并对其形貌、结构和元素组成进行表征。掺杂后,纳米柱阵列光透过率提高且表面方块电阻下降。将ZnO：Al纳米柱阵列作为电子传输层应用于PSCs器件中,在低掺杂浓度(1%)时得到最佳器件性能,光转化效率达到5.78%,填充因子提高到0.54。Ⅲ.ZnO/ZnMgO纳米结构的制备及光电性能表征利用溶胶凝胶法在ZnO纳米柱表面负载ZnMgO层,形成类“核壳结构”的ZnO/ZnMgO纳米结构。实验证明：ZnMgO层的光学禁带宽度要略大于ZnO纳米柱。将ZnO/ZnMgO纳米结构作为电子传输层应用于PSCs器件中,ZnO/Zn0.95Mg0.05O基电池器件的最高光转化效率达到7.65%,填充因子提高到0.58。
[Abstract]:The excessive consumption of fossil energy has brought serious energy and environmental problems. As a renewable and clean energy, solar cells can directly convert solar energy into electric energy, which has become the focus of attention.The electron transport layer plays a very important role in the solar energy structure. Collecting the photogenerated electrons from the optical absorption layer and transmitting the electrons to the conductive electrode have a direct impact on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.In recent years, more and more electron transport layer materials are porous nanometer Ti02 particles. ZnO can be used as a substitute for TiO2 because of its high stability, excellent optoelectronic properties and good morphology controllability.At the same time, ZnO can be used as the electron transport layer of solar cells because of its high electron mobility and easy preparation of one-dimensional nanocolumn structure.Therefore, the study of ZnO nanostructures has become one of the hot spots in the optimization of solar cell structure.In this paper, the preparation process of ZnO nano-column with solar cells is discussed. Under the optimized conditions, the ZnO nanoscale arrays with neat morphology and uniform size are prepared. On the basis of the ZnO nanoscale column array, the structure of the ZnO nanocolumn array is obtained.ZnO:Al arrays and ZnO/ZnMgO nanostructures were prepared, respectively, as electron transport layer materials to assemble solar cell devices. The ZnO nanocolumns, optimized structures and battery devices were characterized and analyzed.The main results obtained are as follows: 鈪，

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