现代实验技术在相州窑陶瓷中的应用

发布时间：2018-04-23 13:53

本文选题：相州窑 + X射线荧光分析　；参考：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国陶瓷的发展历史悠久,底蕴深厚,它的产生和发展在人类文明史上有十分重要的意义。在中国古代陶瓷史上,白瓷是一个极为重要的分类,是在青瓷的烧制基础上产生的,比青瓷的产生晚了近2000年,白瓷的烧制成功标志着我国古陶瓷烧制工艺产生了质的飞跃,为以后的制瓷工艺奠定了基础。白瓷要求胎釉都呈白色,杂质含量特别少,铁元素含量不高于1%,比青瓷的烧制工艺要求高得多,它是当时陶瓷高度发展的产物。河南地处中原,是古代政治、经济、文化发展的中心,中国目前最早的青瓷和白瓷都出土于河南境内。相州窑位于安阳市恒河南岸,发现于1974年,是南北朝至隋唐时期中国北方最大的青瓷窑址,也是中国白瓷烧制的创始,在中国陶瓷史上占有非常重要的地位。从外观上看,相州窑陶瓷样品的釉色呈现白中泛青和泛黄。目前,对于相州窑陶瓷的起源和发展,仍缺少系统的研究,因此,用现代实验技术研究相州窑青瓷和白瓷,对于研究相州窑陶瓷原料来源和烧制工艺具有十分重要的意义。本论文以安阳相州窑为研究对象,利用孔隙仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、分光光度计等多种现代实验技术,测量它们的物理性能、显微结构、反射光谱主波长范围和物相组成等,主要得出以下几点结论:1.相州窑显气孔率在1.742%-19.551%之间;吸水率范围在0.752%-10.457%之间;体积密度范围在1.82g/cm3-2.32g/cm3之间;表面密度在2.05g/cm3-2.59g/cm3之间。相州窑分布比较分散,黄冶窑比较集中。说明相州窑的烧制工艺处于发展阶段,黄冶窑的制瓷工艺更加成熟。2.相州窑各样品主波长大小不一,能达到白瓷的程度,但白中泛青和白中泛黄样品居多。同一样品中,内、外表面的反射光谱基本相同,说明相州窑时期内外施釉的方法已经成熟。且外釉反射率大部分都高于内釉反射率,这是由于烧制过程中外表面温度升降速度要高于内表面。白中泛青釉的主波长范围在660nm~699nm之间,且主波长越小,青色越深。白中泛黄釉的主波长在720nm~767nm之间。3.用扫描电子显微镜研究相州窑瓷胎和瓷釉的显微结构,结果表明相州窑瓷胎中含有大量均匀分布的孔隙,胎质较为均匀致密。相州窑釉层厚度在100~150微米之间,釉层中的气泡直径在10微米~100微米之间。同时,相州窑瓷釉中含有大量钙长石析晶和少量未熔石英。且相州窑的胎釉结合处出现大量的析晶-分相结构,含有大量的针状或柱状的钙长石晶体,分相形貌呈云状或蠕虫状。4.相州窑瓷胎中主要含有莫来石和石英晶体,石英晶体以α-石英和方石英结构为主,且个别样品中含有少量赤铁矿。相州窑所选瓷胎样品中各晶体种类、含量大致相同,说明当时相州窑的制造工艺已经成熟。5.通过相州窑XRF数据可知,相州窑原料来源与黄冶窑明显不同,相州窑胎料产地较为集中,釉料分布相对分散。
[Abstract]:The development of Chinese ceramics has a long history and deep connotation. Its production and development are of great significance in the history of human civilization. In the history of Chinese ancient ceramics, white porcelain was a very important classification. It was produced on the basis of the burning of celadon. The production of white porcelain was late in 2000. The success of white porcelain marks the ancient ceramics in China. The burning process produced a qualitative leap and laid the foundation for the process of porcelain making in the future. White porcelain requires that the enamel is white, the content of the impurity is very little, the content of the iron is not more than 1%, which is much higher than the burning process of the celadon. It is the product of the high development of the ceramics at that time. Henan is located in the Central Plains, the center of the ancient political, economic and cultural development. The earliest celadon and white porcelain in China are unearthed in Henan. The Xiangzhou kiln is located on the South Bank of Ganges RIver, Anyang city. It was found in 1974, the largest celadon kiln in northern China to the Sui and Tang Dynasty, and the founding of the Chinese white porcelain burning. It occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese ceramics. From the appearance, the samples of Xiangzhou kiln ceramics are in appearance. At present, there is still a lack of systematic research on the origin and development of Xiangzhou Kiln Ceramics. Therefore, it is very important to study the celadon and white porcelain of Xiangzhou kiln by modern experimental technology. This paper takes Anyang Xiangzhou kiln as the research object and uses holes in this paper. Gap meter, scanning electron microscope, X ray diffractometer, spectrophotometer and many other modern experimental techniques, measuring their physical properties, microstructure, the main wavelength range and phase composition of the reflectance spectra. The main conclusions are as follows: the apparent porosity of the 1. phase state kiln is 1.742% -19.551%; the water absorption range is between 0.752%-10.457% and volume. The density range is between 1.82g/cm3-2.32g/cm3, and the surface density is between 2.05g/cm3-2.59g/cm3. The distribution of the kiln in Xiangzhou kiln is scattered and the Yellow smelter kiln is more concentrated. It shows that the firing process of the Xiangzhou kiln is at the stage of development. The porcelain craft of the yellowing kiln is more mature and the main wavelengths of the.2. Xiangzhou kiln are different and the degree of white porcelain can be reached, but the white is in the pan. In the same sample, the reflection spectrum of the inner and outer surfaces of the same sample is basically the same, indicating that the method of glazing is mature inside and outside the period of the Xiangzhou kiln and the reflectivity of the outer glaze is most higher than the inner glaze reflectivity, which is due to the higher speed of the surface temperature in the firing process than the inner surface. The main wavelength norm of the pan green glaze in white. The smaller the main wavelength is, the smaller the main wavelength is, the deeper the blue color is. The main wavelength of the yellowing glaze in the white is 720nm~767nm.3. using the scanning electron microscope to study the microstructure of the porcelain and porcelain glaze of the Xiangzhou kiln. The results show that there are a large number of evenly distributed pores in the porcelain of the Xiangzhou kiln and the homogeneous and compact fetal quality. The thickness of the glaze layer of the Xiangzhou kiln is 100~150 micro. The diameter of the bubbles in the glaze layer is between 10 microns and ~100 microns. At the same time, the glaze of the Xiangzhou kiln contains a large number of calcite crystallization and a small amount of unfused quartz. And there are a large number of crystallization and phase separation structures in the enamel binding of the Xiangzhou kiln, which contain a large number of acicular or columnar calcite crystals, and the phase morphology is cloudy or wormlike.4. state kiln porcelain. There are mainly mullite and quartz crystals in the fetus. The quartz crystal is mainly composed of alpha quartz and quartzite structure, and a small amount of hematite is contained in some samples. The crystal types of the selected porcelain samples in the Xiangzhou kiln are roughly the same. It shows that the manufacturing process of Xiangzhou kiln was mature at that time.5. through the XRF data of Xiangzhou kiln, the raw materials of Xiangzhou kiln were found. The source is obviously different from Huang Ye kiln. The producing area of Xiangzhou kiln is centralized and the glaze distribution is relatively dispersed.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ174.1

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