天然石墨利用现状及石墨制品综述

发布时间：2018-05-06 15:33

本文选题：矿物材料 + 石墨加工　；参考：《中国科学:技术科学》2017年01期

【摘要】：作为战略性资源,天然石墨具有热膨胀系数小(1×10~(-6)~3 0×10~(-6)K)、导热系数大(1 2 9 W m~(-1)K~(-1))、耐高温、良导电性(电阻率8×10~(-6)~1 3×10~(-6)Ωm)、超高润滑性(摩擦系数0.0 8~0.1 6)、可塑性、高的化学稳定性以及优良抗热震性等特性,是一类重要的矿物材料.其广泛应用于机械、冶金、石油化工、轻工、电子、电器、国防、军工、航天等国民经济各个领域,被誉为"万能"非金属材料之一.我国是石墨矿产资源大国,本文基于我国近年来在石墨矿产资源勘探、矿山加工工艺、生产消费及对外贸易等领域的数据,给出了天然石墨的综合利用现状分析,围绕石墨矿精纯、石墨制品深加工、石墨在国民经济及新兴产业等领域的应用展开讨论,内容涉及膨胀石墨、氟化石墨与石墨烯三类最重要的石墨制品.重点分析了我国进口石墨制品的生成加工、技术革新及与发达国家之差距等问题,系统介绍了石墨资源的综合利用进展.最后,基于石墨制品及无机非金属学科化发展趋势,给出石墨科学的未来发展方向.
[Abstract]:As a strategic resource, natural graphite has a thermal expansion coefficient of 1 脳 10 ~ (-6) ~ 30 脳 10 ~ (-1) K ~ (-1), a large thermal conductivity of 1.29 W / m ~ (-1) K ~ (1), high temperature resistance, good electrical conductivity (resistivity 8 脳 10 ~ (10) -6 脳 10 ~ (-1) and high lubricity (friction coefficient (coefficient of friction = 0.08 ~ (0.1), plasticity, etc. High chemical stability and excellent thermal shock resistance are important mineral materials. It is widely used in machinery, metallurgy, petrochemical industry, light industry, electronics, electrical appliances, national defense, military industry, aerospace and other fields of national economy, and is regarded as one of the "universal" nonmetallic materials. China is a big country of graphite mineral resources. Based on the data in recent years in the fields of graphite mineral resources exploration, mine processing technology, production, consumption and foreign trade, the present situation of comprehensive utilization of natural graphite is analyzed in this paper. The application of graphite in the fields of national economy and new industry is discussed, including three kinds of most important graphite products, such as expanded graphite, graphite fluoride and graphene. In this paper, the production and processing of imported graphite products in China, the technological innovation and the gap between China and developed countries are emphatically analyzed, and the progress of comprehensive utilization of graphite resources is introduced systematically. Finally, based on the development trend of graphite products and inorganic nonmetallic disciplines, the future development direction of graphite science is given.
【作者单位】：合肥工业大学化学与化工学院;中国地质大学材料科学与工程学院;中国路桥工程有限责任公司;吉林大学材料科学与工程学院汽车材料教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51541207,U1607122) 中国交建科技研发项目(编号:2013-ZJKJ-02) 汽车材料教育部重点实验室基金(编号:451160301149)资助项目
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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