基于石墨烯介电及光热转换材料制备与性能

发布时间：2018-05-07 03:31

本文选题：石墨烯 + 介电性能　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石墨烯是2004年被发现的一种新型二维平面纳米材料,其特殊的单原子层结构决定了它具有大的比表面积、高的导电性和室温电子迁移率,以及优异的力学性能。这些独特的性质使其在电子、信息、能源、材料和生物医药等领域具有广泛的应用前景。如何利用石墨烯这些独特的优异性能并对石墨烯进行有效的功能化,赋予石墨烯新的性质,对于进一步拓展应用领域具有重要的意义。因此,本文主要研究内容及结果如下:1、利用氧化石墨烯大宽高比及高导电性特性,通过层层旋涂的方法制备了具有导电/绝缘/导电交替结构的聚乙烯醇(PVA)/氧化石墨烯(GO)/聚乙烯醇交替层状聚合物复合材料,并对其介电性能进行研究。结果表明:氧化石墨烯由于其大宽高比及高导电性,在PVA中形成了许多微电容,PVA的绝缘性同时阻断了石墨烯相互间形成导电通路。因此,与纯的PVA材料相比,通过层层旋涂技术可以制备具有较低介电损耗和高介电常数的PVA/GO/PVA复合材料。2、利用氧化石墨烯近红外吸收特性及聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPA)的温度响应性,制备了具有光热转换效应的GO/PNIPA复合水凝胶,研究了其光热响应性能。通过近红外(NIR)激光非接触式照射,远程控制水凝胶相变。研究结果表明:随着GO填入量的增加,水凝胶的响应速度变化不大;基于NIR照射与否,水凝胶会出现溶胀与收缩的可逆相变。在此基础上,为了提高GO/PNIPA复合水凝胶的近红外响应速度,在氧化石墨烯表面上构建了聚苯胺棒管结构,并将其应用于GO/PNIPA光热转换材料制备,考察了单体浓度对聚苯胺表面形貌的影响。结果表明,通过缓慢反应的方式,可以在石墨烯表面上构建聚苯胺的纳米棒结构,单体浓度对这种结构影响不大。这种密集排列的纳米棒有利于光线的反复折射与反射,因此,聚苯胺改性的石墨烯材料具有更高的光热转换效率;基于水凝胶优异的光热转换性能,成功制备了NIR控制的流体开关。为了获得多功能的GO/PNIPA水凝胶材料,在氧化石墨烯表面负载上Fe3O4纳米粒子,并将其应用于GO/PNIPA光热转换材料制备,所得材料同时具有温度、近红外和磁性多重响应性。
[Abstract]:Graphene is a new two-dimensional planar nano-material which was discovered in 2004. Its special monoatomic layer structure determines its large specific surface area, high conductivity, room temperature electron mobility and excellent mechanical properties. These unique properties make it widely used in the fields of electronics, information, energy, materials and biomedicine. How to make use of the unique excellent properties of graphene and effectively functionalize graphene and give new properties to graphene is of great significance to further expand the application field. Therefore, the main contents and results of this paper are as follows: 1. Using the high aspect ratio and high conductivity of graphene oxide, The polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / graphene oxide / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) / polyvinyl alcohol ( The results show that graphene oxide forms a lot of microcapacitors in PVA because of its wide aspect ratio and high conductivity. Therefore, compared with pure PVA materials, PVA/GO/PVA composites with low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant can be prepared by layer spin-coating technique. The near infrared absorption properties of graphene oxide and the temperature response of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) PNIPAs can be utilized. GO/PNIPA composite hydrogels with photothermal conversion effect were prepared and their photothermal response properties were studied. The phase transition of hydrogel was controlled remotely by NIR laser non-contact irradiation. The results show that the response rate of hydrogel does not change much with the increase of go filling amount, and the reversible phase transition of swelling and shrinkage will occur based on NIR irradiation or not. On this basis, in order to improve the near infrared response speed of GO/PNIPA composite hydrogel, Polyaniline rod tube structure was constructed on the surface of graphene oxide and applied to the preparation of GO/PNIPA photothermal conversion material. The effect of monomer concentration on surface morphology of Polyaniline was investigated. The results showed that the nanorod structure of Polyaniline could be constructed on the surface of graphene by slow reaction, and the concentration of monomer had little effect on the structure. This dense array of nanorods is conducive to the repeated refraction and reflection of light, so Polyaniline modified graphene materials have higher photothermal conversion efficiency, based on the excellent photothermal conversion properties of hydrogels, The NIR controlled fluid switch was successfully fabricated. In order to obtain multifunctional GO/PNIPA hydrogel materials, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were loaded on graphene oxide surface and were used in the preparation of GO/PNIPA photothermal conversion materials. The obtained materials have the properties of temperature, near infrared and magnetic multi-reresponse.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11

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