石墨烯基复合材料的制备及其在环境和能源上的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 22:17

本文选题：氧化石墨烯 + 复合材料　；参考：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：石墨烯,因其优异的物理化学性质,引起了人们的高度重视。另外由于其具有很大的比表面积,石墨烯更是被广泛用于各类纳米颗粒的载体。因此这类石墨烯基复合材料已在众多领域中被广泛应用,如催化剂、传感器、超级电容器、电池等。近年来,以对硝基苯酚和染料为首的有机污染物广泛存在于工业废水中且毒性大,而油类泄漏对海洋环境的危害也十分巨大,环境污染问题越发严重。同时人们的环保意识也逐渐增强,于是越来越关注如何有效而简便地治理水体污染。而同时能源危机的日益严峻以及化石能源燃烧产生的空气污染也让新型能源的开发成为了科学家们大力研究的重要课题,其中超级电容器和温差电材料因其环境友好,具有十分广阔的应用前景。在本论文中,我们使用氧化石墨烯(GO)、镍离子和银离子作为前驱物,水合肼作为还原剂来制备负载镍-银双金属纳米颗粒的还原氧化石墨烯复合材料(Ni-Ag@RGO)。并且使用X射线衍射、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜对复合材料的成分和形貌进行表征,材料的磁性则通过震动样品磁强计来测量。我们利用对硝基苯酚还原反应和甲基橙的光降解反应评价复合材料Ni-Ag@RGO的催化活性,催化反应的进程用紫外可见分光光度计来检测。反应完成之后,在磁场的作用下将催化剂从反应系统中分离出来,并通过重复利用来研究其循环使用性。此外,我们将镍纳米颗粒和GO高温不搅拌反应,使GO被还原且组装制备出RGO水凝胶,然后通过冷冻干燥得到气凝胶。使用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱对气凝胶的成分和形貌进行表征。并且用有机染料、油类和有机溶剂来研究气凝胶的吸附能力。同时以该气凝胶还作为超级电容器的电极材料,对其比电容和充放电能力进行分析。将GO分散在吡咯的酸性溶液中,加入强氧化剂使其发生原位聚合。采用X射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析和X射线光电子能谱等分析手段对材料的成分和形貌进行表征。在此基础上,研究该温差电材料得热电性能,如塞贝克系数、电导率以及功率分子等;对比了不同前驱物配比以及不同酸性条件下合成的材料的温差电性能。
[Abstract]:Graphene, because of its excellent physical and chemical properties, has attracted great attention. Because of its large specific surface area, graphene is widely used as the carrier of various nanoparticles. Therefore, this kind of graphene matrix composites have been widely used in many fields, such as catalysts, sensors, supercapacitors, batteries and so on. In recent years, organic pollutants, led by p-nitrophenol and dyestuff, are widely present in industrial wastewater and are highly toxic. However, oil leakage is also very harmful to the marine environment, and the environmental pollution problem is becoming more and more serious. At the same time, people's awareness of environmental protection has gradually increased, so more and more attention is paid to how to effectively and easily control water pollution. At the same time, the increasingly severe energy crisis and the air pollution caused by the burning of fossil energy also make the development of new energy sources an important research topic for scientists. Among them, supercapacitors and thermoelectric materials are environmentally friendly. It has a very broad application prospect. In this thesis, we used graphene oxide, nickel ion and silver ion as precursors and hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent to prepare Ni-AgR RGOG composite loaded with Ni-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. The composition and morphology of the composite were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. The magnetic properties of the composite were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer. The catalytic activity of the composite Ni-Ag@RGO was evaluated by the reduction of p-nitrophenol and the photodegradation of methyl orange. The process of the catalytic reaction was detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. After the reaction was finished, the catalyst was separated from the reaction system under the action of magnetic field, and its recycle performance was studied by reuse. In addition, the nickel nanoparticles were not stirred with go at high temperature, so that go was reduced and assembled to prepare RGO hydrogel, and then the aerogel was prepared by freeze-drying. The composition and morphology of aerogels were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption ability of aerogels was studied with organic dyes, oils and organic solvents. At the same time, the aerogel was used as electrode material of supercapacitor to analyze its specific capacitance and charge-discharge ability. Go was dispersed in acid solution of pyrrole and in situ polymerization was made by adding strong oxidant. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the materials. On this basis, the thermoelectric properties of the thermoelectric materials, such as Seebeck coefficient, conductivity and power molecules, were studied, and the thermoelectric properties of the materials synthesized under different precursor ratios and acidic conditions were compared.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB33

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