中国磷资源与磷化工可持续发展

发布时间：2018-05-17 06:22

  本文选题：磷资源 + 湿法磷酸　； 参考：《地学前缘》2017年06期

【摘要】：人类活动对磷元素的地球化学过程具有重要影响。中国磷矿石储量仅占世界总量的4.6%,且正面临P_2O_5品位贫化、磷化工过程伴生稀土和氟资源浪费严重、副产磷石膏大量堆存污染环境以及地表水体磷污染等问题。今后一段时间内,二水物硫酸法仍将是湿法磷酸的主流工艺。磷矿伴生稀土和氟的高效回收利用,对于稀土产业和氟化工可持续发展具有重大战略意义,关键在于突破现有的技术瓶颈,研发新的回收利用技术。磷化工过程实现硫资源的循环利用和清洁生产,核心在于突破磷石膏制硫酸关键技术。磷石膏转铵法制硫酸技术实现规模化工程应用,可有效解决中国硫资源短缺问题,根除磷石膏大量堆存造成的环境污染;还将显著减少硫铁矿、石灰石等一次资源开采和温室气体CO_2排放。硅酸钙晶种法回收污水中的磷,进而加工为磷酸、磷肥等产品,则为减少一次磷资源消耗、实现磷资源的循环利用提供了可能。以污水磷回收制取磷酸二氢钾技术为例,表明污水磷回收和磷石膏资源化利用对中国磷资源产业的绿色可持续发展具有重大潜在价值。
[Abstract]:Human activities play an important role in the geochemical process of phosphorus. China's phosphate ore reserves only account for 4.6% of the world total, and is facing the problems of poor P_2O_5 grade, serious waste of rare earths and fluorine resources associated with phosphorus chemical process, pollution of environment caused by large amount of phosphogypsum by-product and phosphorus pollution of surface water. In the future, sulphuric acid dihydrate will still be the mainstream process of wet phosphoric acid. The efficient recovery and utilization of rare earth and fluorine associated with phosphate rock is of great strategic significance for the sustainable development of rare earth industry and fluorine chemical industry. The key lies in breaking through the existing technical bottlenecks and developing new recovery and utilization technologies. The key to realize the recycling and clean production of sulfur resources in phosphorous chemical process is to break through the key technology of sulfuric acid production from phosphogypsum. The realization of large-scale engineering application of phosphorous gypsum conversion ammonium sulphuric acid technology can effectively solve the shortage of sulfur resources in China, eliminate the environmental pollution caused by mass accumulation of phosphogypsum, and reduce pyrite significantly. Limestone and other primary resources mining and greenhouse gas CO_2 emissions. It is possible to recover phosphorus from sewage by calcium silicate seed method and then process it into phosphoric acid, phosphate fertilizer and other products, which can reduce the consumption of primary phosphorus resources and realize the recycling of phosphorus resources. Taking the technology of producing potassium dihydrogen phosphate from sewage phosphorus recovery as an example, it is shown that the recovery of phosphorus from sewage and the utilization of phosphogypsum are of great potential value for the green sustainable development of China's phosphorus resource industry.
【作者单位】： 中国地质大学(北京)材料科学与工程学院;昊青薪材(北京)技术有限公司;北京大学地球与空间科学学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费(2652015371,2-9-2011-267) 中国博士后科学基金项目(2015M580915)
【分类号】：TQ126.3;TQ177.375
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本文编号：1900295