一种新型砌块的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 16:00

本文选题：胶粉 + 纤维　；参考：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：建筑是人类赖以生存发展的基础条件,人类的生活、生产及社会发展都离不开建筑,当今社会,建筑、工业、交通已经成为世界上最大的三大耗能大户,据统计,世界上建筑耗能约占社会总能耗的三分之一,我国建筑总能耗占社会总能耗的约30%,而我国建筑相关耗能更是占社会总能耗的46%。降低建筑耗能,节能减排,促进社会可持续发展,是我国未来经济社会发展需要面对的首要任务之一。墙体作为建筑的主要围护结构,是建筑节能的重要环节,墙体材料是建筑材料的最大组成部分,约占建筑材料总量的70%,能耗约占建筑总能耗的50%,积极研发新型墙体材料,并将其大量应用于节能建筑,提高建筑节能率,降低建筑耗能,有助于实现我国“十三五”规划中建筑节能达到65%的目标。本论文研究的新型砌块是一种新型墙体材料,不仅具有优良的保温隔热功能,还具有较高承重能力,与市场上现有蒸压加气混凝土具有相似功能,可作为蒸压加气混凝土砌块的补充替代产品。主要研究以下几方面内容:使用硅烷偶联剂AC-70对废旧轮胎胶粉与玻璃纤维的表面亲水性进行改性,采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、热分析仪等,对改性前后胶粉与玻璃纤维的成分形貌等进行分析表征。结果表明:使用硅烷偶联剂AC-70改性胶粉与纤维,使胶粉与纤维表面接枝大量亲水性基团,提高胶粉表面亲水性,胶粉表面接触角由97°降低到29°,改性后的胶粉分解温度明显高于未改性胶粉。以粉煤灰、磷石膏等工业废弃物作为主要原料,使用水玻璃代替水泥作为胶凝材料,掺改性后的废旧轮胎胶粉与玻璃纤维作为砌块改性材料,使用双氧水作为发气剂。结果表面:蒸压养护不能作为新型砌块的养护方法,热养护能够促进砌块强度发展,而使用氟硅酸钠与二氧化碳联合固化养护,能够使砌块达到最高6.4Mpa的抗压强度。探讨了改性胶粉与改性玻璃纤维掺量对砌块热学和力学性能的影响,结果表明:改性胶粉与改性纤维能显著影响砌块的热力学等性能,掺改性胶粉砌块的力学性能优于掺未改性胶粉砌块,且胶粉粒径越小,对砌块的抗压强度影响越大;随改性胶粉掺量增加,砌块抗压强度逐渐降低,抗折强度先增大在减小,导热系数与收缩值也随改性胶粉掺量增加而减小。未改性玻璃纤维能提高砌块的抗折强度,但却降低了抗压强度,而改性玻璃纤维使砌块的抗压抗折强度均明显提高;综合比较,改性胶粉最佳掺量为2%-4%,改性纤维最佳掺量为0.3%-0.6%,砌块具有良好的热学和力学等性能。将掺改性胶粉与改性玻璃纤维的砌块按相关标准测试了放射性核素限量与吸声性能,结果表明:新型砌块的内照射指数I_(Ra)=0.0 9Bq?kg~(-1),外照射指数I_r=0.24 Bq?kg~(-1),满足A类装饰材料标准;新型砌块在声波频率大于1000Hz的吸声系数大于0.2,符合建筑吸声材料的要求。
[Abstract]:Architecture is the basic condition for human survival and development. Human life, production and social development are inseparable from architecture. Nowadays, society, architecture, industry and transportation have become the three largest energy-consuming households in the world. According to statistics, Building energy consumption in the world accounts for about 1/3 of the total social energy consumption, and the total building energy consumption in China accounts for about 30 percent of the total social energy consumption, while the building related energy consumption in China accounts for 46 percent of the total social energy consumption. Reducing building energy consumption, energy saving and emission reduction, promoting social sustainable development is one of the most important tasks that our country needs to face in the future economic and social development. As the main building enclosure structure, wall is an important link in building energy conservation. Wall material is the largest component of building materials, accounting for about 70% of the total building materials, and energy consumption accounts for 50% of the total building energy consumption. It has been applied to energy-saving buildings in a large number to improve building energy saving rate and reduce building energy consumption, which will help to achieve the goal of building energy conservation of 65% in the 13th Five-Year Plan of our country. The new block studied in this paper is a new type of wall material, which not only has excellent heat insulation function, but also has high load-bearing capacity, which is similar to the existing autoclaved aerated concrete in the market. It can be used as an alternative to autoclaved aerated concrete block. The main contents are as follows: the surface hydrophilicity of waste tire rubber powder and glass fiber was modified by using silane coupling agent AC-70, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) -energy spectrometer (SEM), and thermal analyzer, etc. The composition and morphology of rubber powder and glass fiber before and after modification were analyzed and characterized. The results show that using silane coupling agent AC-70 to modify the rubber powder and fiber makes the rubber powder grafted with a large number of hydrophilic groups on the surface of the fiber and improves the hydrophilicity of the rubber powder surface. The surface contact angle of the modified rubber powder was reduced from 97 掳to 29 掳, and the decomposition temperature of the modified rubber powder was obviously higher than that of the unmodified rubber powder. Fly ash, phosphogypsum and other industrial wastes were used as main raw materials, water glass instead of cement as cementitious material, rubber powder of waste tire and glass fiber as block modified material, hydrogen peroxide as gassing agent. Results Surface: autoclaved curing can not be used as a new curing method of block, thermal curing can promote the development of block strength, and the combined curing of sodium fluorosilicate and carbon dioxide can make the block achieve the highest compressive strength of 6.4Mpa. The influence of the content of modified rubber powder and modified glass fiber on the thermal and mechanical properties of the block is discussed. The results show that the modified rubber powder and the modified fiber can significantly affect the thermodynamic properties of the block. The mechanical properties of modified rubber powder block are better than that of unmodified rubber powder block, and the smaller the size of rubber powder, the greater the influence on the compressive strength of the block, and with the increase of the content of modified rubber powder, the compressive strength of the block decreases gradually, and the flexural strength increases at first. The thermal conductivity and shrinkage value also decreased with the increase of the content of modified rubber powder. The unmodified glass fiber can increase the flexural strength of the block, but decrease the compressive strength, while the modified glass fiber can obviously increase the compressive strength of the block. The optimum content of modified rubber powder is 2 ~ 4 and that of modified fiber is 0. 3- 0. 6. The block has good thermal and mechanical properties. The radionuclide limit and sound absorption properties of the blocks mixed with modified rubber powder and modified glass fiber were tested according to the relevant standards. The results showed that the internal irradiation index (I_(Ra)=0.0 9Bq / kg) of the new block and the external irradiation index (I_r=0.24) (I_r=0.24 Bq / kg ~ (-1) met the class A decorative material standard. The sound absorption coefficient of the new block is larger than 0.2 when the acoustic frequency is greater than 1000Hz, which meets the requirements of building sound absorbing materials.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU522.3

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