正渗透膜污染特征及抗污染正渗透膜研究进展

发布时间：2018-06-03 18:38

本文选题：正渗透 + 膜污染　；参考：《膜科学与技术》2017年01期

【摘要】：正渗透技术因其能耗低、水回收率高、截留能力强等优势,成为极具发展潜力的膜分离技术.然而,膜污染引起水通量持续下降,膜寿命缩短等问题严重制约了正渗透技术的发展和应用.如何有效控制膜污染已经成为正渗透技术亟需解决的问题.本综述从正渗透膜污染的角度出发,详细总结了正渗透膜的污染特征,全面介绍了抗污染正渗透膜的研究成果.通过对比众多的研究结果发现,正渗透膜的性质、膜朝向、原料液性质以及膜过程操作条件是影响正渗透膜污染形成与清除的重要因素.通过优化操作条件虽然可部分减轻膜污染,但不能彻底解决膜污染问题.开发抗污染正渗透膜仍是根治膜污染的重要解决方案.最后详细介绍了目前抗污染正渗透膜的制备方法,包括双皮层结构正渗透膜的制备及结构调控、膜表面抗污染改性、开发抗污染亲水膜材料制备正渗透膜等.其中,新型两亲性共聚物作为支撑层材料展现出良好的发展潜力,是未来抗污染正渗透膜的发展方向.
[Abstract]:Due to its advantages of low energy consumption, high water recovery rate and strong retention ability, normal osmotic technology has become a potential membrane separation technology. However, the development and application of forward osmotic technology are seriously restricted by membrane fouling, which leads to the continuous decrease of water flux and the shortening of membrane life. How to effectively control membrane fouling has become an urgent problem for forward osmotic technology. From the point of view of normal osmotic membrane fouling, the characteristics of normal osmotic membrane pollution were summarized in detail, and the research results of antifouling normal osmotic membrane were introduced. By comparing the results of many studies, it is found that the properties of the membrane, the orientation of the membrane, the properties of the raw material liquid and the operating conditions of the membrane process are the important factors affecting the formation and removal of the fouling of the membrane. Although the membrane fouling can be partly alleviated by optimizing the operating conditions, the problem of membrane fouling can not be solved completely. The development of anti-fouling positive osmotic membrane is still an important solution to cure membrane fouling. At last, the preparation methods of antifouling forward osmotic membrane were introduced in detail, including the preparation and structure regulation of bicortical structure forward osmotic membrane, anti-fouling modification of membrane surface, development of antifouling hydrophilic membrane material, preparation of orthoosmotic membrane and so on. Among them, new amphiphilic copolymers as supporting layer materials show good development potential, which is the future development direction of antifouling positive osmotic membranes.
【作者单位】：中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所山东省环境工程研究中心中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室;中国海洋大学化学化工学院海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室;中国海洋大学化学化工学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(21476249) 山东省科技发展计划(2014GHY115021) 分离膜与膜过程国家重点实验室(天津工业大学)开放课题(M1-201503)
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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