基于氢气发生器的微型燃料电池系统

发布时间：2018-06-10 02:56

本文选题：氢气发生器 + 空气自呼吸燃料电池　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新能源是当今科技发展的重点,而氢燃料电池是清洁、高效的新能源。很多大型的燃料电池已可投入使用,小型燃料电池可以应用于更多的领域,然而小型、便携的燃料电池系统却少有实现。制约氢燃料电池小型化的关键就是氢气的存储,常用的高压氢气瓶难以应用在便携设备上。使用NaBH4作为储氢材料,是应用于小型系统的良好选择。本文基于硼氢化钠水解制氢,设计微型的氢气发生装置,并与空气自呼吸燃料电池集成燃料电池系统,以实现燃料电池系统的小型化,扩展燃料电池的应用场景。本文对硼氢化钠水解反应进行研究,并制备多种催化剂,对各种催化剂的反应响应速度进行测试,对不同担载量、长度的Co-B/Nifoam催化剂在不同流速、不同浓度下的NaBH4溶液的催化情况进行测试,确定使用磷酸掺杂的Co/γAl2O3与Co-B/Nifoam组合的方式作为反应催化剂。对氢气发生器的结构进行设计,有效地进行反应中的气液分离,并设计了高效的净化装置,可以在8h中有效地为反应产生氢气进行净化,并为燃料电池使用。对空气自呼吸型燃料电池的原理与结构进行研究,并对不同操作条件下的电池性能进行测试分析,确定最佳工作参数为排气周期30s、排气时长0.1s、氢气压力为50kPa,并对燃料电池的氢气消耗量进行测试,为系统集成提供基础。对集成燃料电池系统进行架构设计,并具体实现了氢气发生器、气体净化装置以及控制系统,对系统进行了氢气发生速率测试、电池输出测试。最终实现的集成系统,其氢气发生系统可在2ml蠕动泵进液速率下稳定产氢1.8L/min,系统可在12V输出电压下有63W输出功率,系统重量约2kg,系统的能量密度随系统燃料质量增加、工作时间增加而增加,在8h工作时长下,需要装714g燃料,系统的能量密度可达到207Wh/kg。该系统工作稳定,可以作为便携的电池系统使用。
[Abstract]:New energy is the focus of the development of science and technology, and hydrogen fuel cell is a clean and efficient new energy. Many large fuel cells are already available and small fuel cells can be used in more fields, but small, portable fuel cell systems are rare. Hydrogen storage is the key to the miniaturization of hydrogen fuel cells. It is a good choice to use NaBH _ 4 as hydrogen storage material for small scale systems. In this paper, based on hydrolysis of sodium borohydride to produce hydrogen, a micro hydrogen generator is designed, and the fuel cell system is integrated with air self-breathing fuel cell to realize the miniaturization of the fuel cell system and expand the application scenario of the fuel cell. In this paper, the hydrolysis reaction of sodium borohydride was studied, and a variety of catalysts were prepared. The reaction response rates of various catalysts were measured. Co-Br / Nifoam catalysts with different loading amount and length were tested at different flow rates. The catalytic activity of NaBH4 solution with different concentrations was tested and the combination of phosphoric acid doped Co / 纬 Al 2O 3 and Co-Br Nifoam was determined as the catalyst. The structure of the hydrogen generator is designed to effectively separate the gas and liquid in the reaction, and an efficient purification device is designed, which can effectively purify the hydrogen produced by the reaction and be used for the fuel cell in 8 hours. The principle and structure of air self-breathing fuel cell are studied, and the performance of air self-breathing fuel cell under different operating conditions is tested and analyzed. The optimal working parameters are as follows: the exhaust period is 30 s, the exhaust time is 0.1 s, and the hydrogen pressure is 50 KPA. The hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell is measured, which provides the basis for the system integration. The structure of the integrated fuel cell system is designed, and the hydrogen generator, gas purifying device and control system are realized. The hydrogen generation rate and the battery output are tested. The final integrated system can produce 1.8 L / min hydrogen at the inlet rate of 2ml peristaltic pump. The system can produce 63 W output power at 12V output voltage, and the weight of the system is about 2 kg. The energy density of the system increases with the fuel quality of the system. The energy density of the system can reach 207Wh/ kg. when the working hours are longer than 8 hours, 714g fuel is needed. The system works stably and can be used as a portable battery system.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM911.4

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