杆状活动零件镀铬工艺改善及替代方案研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 22:29

本文选题：电镀铬 + 杆状活动零部件　；参考：《重庆理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：电镀铬是军工生产中一项常用的、关键的表面电镀技术,因具有特殊镀层性能,一直应用在军品关重零部件(杆状),其使用条件极其苛刻、恶劣。但电镀铬存在电流沉积效率低、镀能力差的缺点,而工厂产品单件受镀面积大(约1dmm2/件)、单件受镀距离长(约300mm,最长的630mmm),受制于电镀工艺缺点和产品自身特点的综合影响,工厂产品电镀铬的综合合格率低、劳动强度和环境污染程度大,已不符合现代社会的环境要求。但因其产品特性的需求,目前只能对加工工艺和方法进行优化、调整,工厂拟通过改变产品镀前机加几何尺寸、电镀前处理方法的改变和优化电镀工艺参数等措施,减少这些因数对电镀铬过程的影响。通过这些措施的实施,杆状活动零部件电镀铬的综合合格率已从过去的50%左右大幅提升,目前一直稳定在80%至85%,减少其因合格率低导致的反复电镀铬,减少生产时间,直接减少工厂的生产成本,同时减少因清洗增加的镀铬废水,降低环境的污染风险及处置费用。国内外研究表明,QPQ、涂层技术、化学镀镍等镀层技术,因其与电镀铬层的物理性能、化学性能接近,镀层尺寸精度高、生产条件容易控制、对产品自身机械性能无损伤(小),在上世纪八九十年代,已在同类工艺特性需求和使用条件要求的各种产品上大量应用；工厂经过三年左右的摸索研究和小批量试制,目前已在部分单发型高端产品上进行了应用,并进行了产品图设计、归档,达到了在这些高新产品上彻底取消电镀铬的研究目的。同时又丰富了今后新产品的工艺设计选择,使军工产品完全取消电镀铬工艺在未来变得现实。
[Abstract]:Chromium electroplating is a common and key surface electroplating technology in military production. Because of its special coating performance, chromium plating has been used in military products with heavy components (rod type, extremely harsh and harsh). However, chromium electroplating has the disadvantages of low current deposition efficiency and poor plating capacity. However, the single piece of factory products is subject to the comprehensive influence of the disadvantages of electroplating process and the characteristics of the product, because of its large area of plating (about 300mm for 1dmm2/ parts, long distance for each piece (about 300mm) and the longest plating distance (630mmmg). The comprehensive qualified rate of electroplating chromium in factory products is low, the labor intensity and environmental pollution are large, which is not in line with the environmental requirements of modern society. However, due to the demand of product characteristics, the processing technology and method can only be optimized and adjusted at present. The factory plans to change the geometric dimension of the product before plating, the change of pretreatment method and the optimization of electroplating process parameters, etc. Reduce the effect of these factors on the chromium plating process. Through the implementation of these measures, the comprehensive qualified rate of electroplating chromium for rod moving parts has increased substantially from about 50% in the past. At present, it has been stabilized at 80% to 85%, reducing the repeated plating of chromium due to the low pass rate and reducing the production time. It can directly reduce the production cost of the plant, reduce the increase of chromium plating wastewater due to cleaning, reduce the environmental pollution risk and the cost of disposal. Studies at home and abroad show that the coating technology, such as QPQ, coating technology and electroless nickel plating technology, is similar to the electroplated chromium coating in physical properties, chemical properties, high dimensional precision, and easy to control the production conditions. There is no damage to the mechanical properties of the products themselves. (in the eighties and nineties of the last century, it has been widely used in various kinds of products requiring similar technological characteristics and using conditions; after about three years of exploration and research and small batch trial production in factories, At present, it has been applied to some high end products with single haircut, and the design and archiving of product drawings have been carried out, which has achieved the purpose of eliminating chromium electroplating completely on these high and new products. At the same time, it enriches the choice of process design for new products in the future, and makes the elimination of chromium electroplating for military products become a reality in the future.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ153.11

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