含硫废水制酸装置风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 15:05

【摘要】：新世纪以来,伴随国民经济的迅猛发展,物质生活日益丰富,石油化工产品被广泛应用于人们的日常生活之中。石油化工生产装置绝大多数都具有易燃、易爆、高温、高压、有毒、有害、强腐蚀等特点,同时,石化装置具有生产工艺过程复杂、监控难点多、连续化作业周期长等特点,这就使石化生产安全风险性极高。因此石油化工企业快速发展的过程中如何降低潜在的风险,保证人身安全、国家和人民的财产安全一直是风险管理工作的一个重要课题。本文以吉林石化公司含硫废水制酸装置为研究对象,重点论述了石油化工单元生产过程中潜在、可能出现的安全风险,并在风险管理理论基础上,对含硫废水制酸装置进行详细安全风险评价。结合安全系统工程理论、风险规划理论等,对含硫废水制酸装置生产过程、所用原料、中间体、助剂、产品等工艺过程、设备设施、危险化学品、危险源等进行了全面的风险辨识与风险分析。利用池火灾计算模型对含硫废水制酸装置的生产过程进行定量计算,并得出各种爆炸能量的伤害半径(死亡区,重伤区,轻伤区和安全区)。此外,本文对辨识出的主要风险因素从工艺过程设计、设备设计与选型、安全管理等方面提出了安全防范方案,并从降低职业危害角度提出了解决方案,保证了项目工艺、设备及职业健康的本质安全,为装置安全、稳定、低风险运行提供了保障；为石油化工企业制定安全、环境、可持续等长期规划与战略发展提供了参考依据；为实现人身安全、国家和人民财产安全的最终目标奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, with the rapid development of the national economy, the material life is increasingly rich, petrochemical products are widely used in people's daily life. The vast majority of petrochemical production units are flammable, explosive, high temperature, high pressure, toxic, harmful, strong corrosion and other characteristics. At the same time, petrochemical units have the characteristics of complex production process, more difficult monitoring and control, long continuous operation period, etc. This makes petrochemical production safety risk is extremely high. Therefore, how to reduce the potential risks and ensure the personal safety in the process of rapid development of petrochemical enterprises is always an important task of risk management. Taking the sulfur-containing wastewater plant of Jilin Petrochemical Company as the research object, this paper focuses on the potential and possible safety risks in the production process of petrochemical units, and on the basis of risk management theory, A detailed safety risk assessment was carried out for the sulphur-containing wastewater acidmaking plant. Combined with safety system engineering theory and risk planning theory, the production process, raw materials, intermediates, auxiliaries, products, equipment, facilities, dangerous chemicals, etc., of sulphur-containing wastewater acid plant, used raw materials, intermediates, auxiliaries, products, etc., Risk sources and other comprehensive risk identification and risk analysis. The production process of sulphur-containing wastewater acid-making plant was calculated quantitatively by using pool fire calculation model, and the damage radius of various explosion energy (dead zone, serious injury zone, light wound area and safe area) was obtained. In addition, in this paper, the main risk factors identified from the process design, equipment design and selection, safety management and other aspects of safety prevention, and from the point of view of reducing occupational hazards proposed solutions to ensure the project process, The essential safety of equipment and occupational health provides a guarantee for the safety, stability and low risk operation of the plant, provides a reference basis for the long-term planning and strategic development of petrochemical enterprises such as safety, environment and sustainability, and provides a reference for the realization of personal safety. The ultimate goal of national and people's property security laid the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：华东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ111.16

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