高浓度有机物、铬、镍、铜电镀混合废水处理研究
发布时间：2018-08-21 20:29
【摘要】：本文以南昌某工业园区的电镀混合废水作为研究对象,废水的特质为高浓度有机物含重金属,其中各污染物及浓度为:COD 1400 mg/L,总铬24.8 mg/L、六价铬19.3 mg/L、铜101.5 mg/L、镍5.7 mg/L。通过实验对影响因素的研究和实验数据的分析,确定去除污染物的最佳工艺参数,为以后建立占地面积小、集合一体化、便于操作的污水处理设备提供工艺及数据方面的参考。针对高浓度有机物的处理,实验选定了紫外光/H2O2结合废水中自有的Cu~(2+),在不需要额外添加催化剂的情况下,对COD进行降解。针对重金属处理时,分别采用还原法和电絮凝两种方法,降低废水中Cr6+含量,再通过中和沉淀去除重金属。通过紫外光/H2O2/Cu~(2+)去除有机物研究,最佳工艺参数设定为:光照催化时间为180 min、pH为3.7、双氧水用量为80 mmol/L。经处理后,COD的去除率为87.14%。通过还原/中和沉淀法去除重金属的研究,Cr6+最佳去除条件:pH为3、Na2SO3用量为Cr6+质量浓度的4.5倍、反应时间不少于35 min。中和沉淀实验得出:机械搅拌60 r/min不少于8 min,pH控制在9.0~9.5之间时,Cr3+去除效果最好;再调节pH在10~11之间,此时Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)去除效果最好。经处理后,总铬、Cr6+、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)对应的去除率分别为95.65%、97.76%、96.86%、72.46%。研究有机物是否会影响重金属去除时,混合废水先通过光催化处理,再通过还原/中和沉淀法处理后,总铬、Cr6+、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的去除率分别为95.85%、97.82%、96.98%、72.98%。通过电絮凝法去除重金属的研究,得出最佳工艺参数为:电流密度为5A/dm2、极板间距2 cm、pH=8、絮凝时间25~30 min。经过处理后,总铬、Cr6+、Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的去除率分别为95.69%、97.46%、97.85%、78.25%。综上所述,第一,废水中有机物对重金属的去除有一定的干扰;第二,比较电絮凝法与光催化/还原/中和沉淀法的处理效果,在总铬、Cr6+方面的处理,光催化/还原法/中和沉淀联合处理的处理效果较好,在Cu~(2+)、Ni~(2+)方面的处理,电絮凝的处理结果较好。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the electroplating mixed wastewater from an industrial park in Nanchang is studied. The characteristics of the wastewater are high concentration of organic matter containing heavy metals, in which the pollutants and concentrations are 1400 mg / L of COD, 24.8 mg / L of total chromium, 19.3 mg / L of hexavalent chromium, 101.5 mg / L of copper and 5.7 mg / L of nickel. Through the study of the influencing factors and the analysis of the experimental data, the optimum technological parameters for removing pollutants are determined, which can provide a reference for the establishment of a sewage treatment equipment with small area, integrated collection and easy operation in the future. Aiming at the treatment of high concentration organic matter, the Cu ~ (2) of UV / H _ 2O _ 2 combined wastewater was selected to degrade COD without the need of additional catalyst. In order to reduce the content of Cr6 in wastewater and remove heavy metals by neutralization and precipitation, two methods of reduction and electroflocculation were used to treat heavy metals. The removal of organic matter by UV / H _ 2O _ 2 / Cu ~ (2 +) was studied. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: the photocatalytic time was 180 min and pH was 3.7, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide was 80 mmol / L. After treatment, the removal rate of COD is 87.14%. Study on the removal of heavy Metals by reduction / Neutralization precipitation; the optimal removal condition of Cr _ 6 is: the dosage of Na _ 2SO _ 3 is 4.5 times of that of Cr6, and the reaction time is not less than 35 min. The results of neutralization and precipitation experiments showed that the removal efficiency of Cr _ 3 was the best when the pH was controlled between 9. 0 ~ 9. 5 and 10 ~ (11) for mechanical stirring for 60 r/min or more, and the best for Cu2 ~ (2) Ni ~ (2) removal when the pH was adjusted between 10 ~ 11 and 10 ~ (11). After treatment, the corresponding removal rates of Cr ~ (6) C ~ (2) Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) were 95.65 and 97.76 ~ (96.86) and 72.46 respectively. In order to study whether organic matter will affect the removal of heavy metals, the mixed wastewater is treated by photocatalytic treatment and then treated by reduction / neutralization precipitation method. The removal rates of total Cr ~ (6) Cr ~ (6) Cu ~ (2) C ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) are 95.85, 97.82, 96.98 and 72.98, respectively. The removal of heavy metals by electroflocculation was studied. The optimum parameters were obtained as follows: current density is 5A / dm ~ (2), polar plate spacing is 2 cm / m ~ (-1) pH ~ (-1), flocculation time is 2530 min. After treatment, the removal rates of total Cr ~ (6) Cr ~ (2) Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) were 95.699.46 ~ 97.85 and 78.25, respectively. To sum up, first, the organic matter in the wastewater has some interference with the removal of heavy metals; second, the treatment effect of electroflocculation and photocatalytic / reduction / neutralization precipitation is compared, and the treatment of total chromium Cr 6 is compared. The effect of photocatalytic / reduction / neutralization / precipitation treatment is better than that of Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) treatment, and the treatment result of electroflocculation is better than that of Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2).
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X781.1
[Abstract]:In this paper, the electroplating mixed wastewater from an industrial park in Nanchang is studied. The characteristics of the wastewater are high concentration of organic matter containing heavy metals, in which the pollutants and concentrations are 1400 mg / L of COD, 24.8 mg / L of total chromium, 19.3 mg / L of hexavalent chromium, 101.5 mg / L of copper and 5.7 mg / L of nickel. Through the study of the influencing factors and the analysis of the experimental data, the optimum technological parameters for removing pollutants are determined, which can provide a reference for the establishment of a sewage treatment equipment with small area, integrated collection and easy operation in the future. Aiming at the treatment of high concentration organic matter, the Cu ~ (2) of UV / H _ 2O _ 2 combined wastewater was selected to degrade COD without the need of additional catalyst. In order to reduce the content of Cr6 in wastewater and remove heavy metals by neutralization and precipitation, two methods of reduction and electroflocculation were used to treat heavy metals. The removal of organic matter by UV / H _ 2O _ 2 / Cu ~ (2 +) was studied. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: the photocatalytic time was 180 min and pH was 3.7, and the amount of hydrogen peroxide was 80 mmol / L. After treatment, the removal rate of COD is 87.14%. Study on the removal of heavy Metals by reduction / Neutralization precipitation; the optimal removal condition of Cr _ 6 is: the dosage of Na _ 2SO _ 3 is 4.5 times of that of Cr6, and the reaction time is not less than 35 min. The results of neutralization and precipitation experiments showed that the removal efficiency of Cr _ 3 was the best when the pH was controlled between 9. 0 ~ 9. 5 and 10 ~ (11) for mechanical stirring for 60 r/min or more, and the best for Cu2 ~ (2) Ni ~ (2) removal when the pH was adjusted between 10 ~ 11 and 10 ~ (11). After treatment, the corresponding removal rates of Cr ~ (6) C ~ (2) Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) were 95.65 and 97.76 ~ (96.86) and 72.46 respectively. In order to study whether organic matter will affect the removal of heavy metals, the mixed wastewater is treated by photocatalytic treatment and then treated by reduction / neutralization precipitation method. The removal rates of total Cr ~ (6) Cr ~ (6) Cu ~ (2) C ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) are 95.85, 97.82, 96.98 and 72.98, respectively. The removal of heavy metals by electroflocculation was studied. The optimum parameters were obtained as follows: current density is 5A / dm ~ (2), polar plate spacing is 2 cm / m ~ (-1) pH ~ (-1), flocculation time is 2530 min. After treatment, the removal rates of total Cr ~ (6) Cr ~ (2) Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) were 95.699.46 ~ 97.85 and 78.25, respectively. To sum up, first, the organic matter in the wastewater has some interference with the removal of heavy metals; second, the treatment effect of electroflocculation and photocatalytic / reduction / neutralization precipitation is compared, and the treatment of total chromium Cr 6 is compared. The effect of photocatalytic / reduction / neutralization / precipitation treatment is better than that of Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2) treatment, and the treatment result of electroflocculation is better than that of Cu ~ (2) and Ni ~ (2).
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X781.1
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