某合成氨厂区火灾发展规律模拟研究与控制

发布时间：2018-10-15 18:54

【摘要】：近年来,随着化工工业的迅速发展,化工已被列为国民经济发展的支柱产业,化工企业给国家带来巨大贡献的同时,也带来许多严重的安全问题。氨是重要的无机化工产品之一,主要应用于农业,如尿素、硝酸铵等,是众多化工产品的基础。世界上绝大多数氨都是由合成而来的,合成氨是由氢和氮在高温高压和催化剂作用下直接合成的。然而在氨合成过程中,由于原料、中间产物及产品大多为易燃易爆物质,生产工艺复杂,生产装置多为高温高压状态,火灾危险性较大。一旦发生火灾爆炸事故,由于存在大量可燃物质,火灾会迅速蔓延,往往会造成更严重的群死群伤、经济损失和环境污染事故,因此防火防爆也成为一项复杂的工程。本文主要从合成氨厂区存在危险物质和其他危险源的火灾危险性、建构筑物的防火间距和耐火极限等角度出发,借助于FDS火灾动力模拟软件,将该合成氨厂房建筑与合成作业区生产、使用和储存危险物质时易发生火灾事故的环节设置火源,分析比较在不同工况下,火灾初期阶段产生高温烟气的蔓延规律、温度场分布以及温度切片变化情况,通过改变不同参数的设置,如通风、隔离等技术措施,研究各种技术手段对控制火灾蔓延的可能性与有效性。根据FDS模拟结果,并结合合成氨厂区实际情况,提出一系列建议对策和展望,通过加强人员管理、危险源控制以及消防救援等工程技术,有效地预防和控制合成氨厂区生产活动中发生的火灾爆炸事故,减缓或降低火灾发展的速度与规模,为消防救援活动争取有效的时间,最大程度上减少人员伤亡和经济损失,确保安全生产。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of chemical industry, chemical industry has been listed as the pillar industry of national economic development. Chemical enterprises have brought great contributions to the country, but also brought many serious safety problems. Ammonia is one of the important inorganic chemical products, mainly used in agriculture, such as urea, ammonium nitrate and so on, is the basis of many chemical products. Most ammonia in the world is synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen under high temperature and high pressure. However, in the process of ammonia synthesis, because the raw materials, intermediate products and products are mostly flammable and explosive materials, the production process is complex, and most of the production devices are high temperature and high pressure, so the fire risk is great. Once a fire and explosion accident occurs, because of the existence of a large number of combustible substances, the fire will spread rapidly, often causing more serious mass death and injury, economic losses and environmental pollution accidents, so fire and explosion prevention has become a complex project. Based on the fire hazard of dangerous substances and other dangerous sources in ammonia plant area, the fire prevention distance and fire resistance limit of the building structure, the fire dynamic simulation software of FDS is used in this paper. The fire source is set up in the production, use and storage of dangerous substances in the building and synthetic operation area of the synthetic ammonia plant, and the spread law of the high temperature smoke produced in the initial stage of the fire under different working conditions is analyzed and compared. By changing the setting of different parameters such as ventilation, isolation and other technical measures, the possibility and effectiveness of various technical measures to control the spread of fire are studied. According to the results of FDS simulation and combined with the actual situation of synthetic ammonia plant, a series of suggestions and prospects are put forward. Through strengthening personnel management, hazard source control, fire prevention and rescue and other engineering technologies, Effectively prevent and control fire and explosion accidents in production activities of synthetic ammonia plants, slow down or reduce the speed and scale of fire development, buy effective time for fire prevention and rescue activities, and minimize casualties and economic losses, Ensure safety in production.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ113.28

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