挥发性有机物的膜回收特性及膜力学性能变化

发布时间：2018-11-17 14:29

【摘要】：物质所表现出的宏观特性与其结构之间存在着一定的联系,本文主要结合有机物结构参数研究了甲基硅橡胶膜对三大类有机物(苯胺类、苯酚类、低分子有机酸类)的萃取回收特性,对有机物的回收结果进行拟合分析;同时研究了甲基硅橡胶膜萃取有机物过程中膜的力学性能变化,结合膜萃取技术应用的环境主要选取了酸度、盐度、温度3个因素进行膜力学性能变化研究。结果表明:在选取的结构参数中,影响膜回收挥发性有机物的结构参数主要包括有机物的辛醇/水分配系数和分子极化率;膜外溶液的酸度变化对甲基硅橡胶膜硬度的影响比较显著,其次是膜管内盐离子浓度,温度对硅橡胶硬度变化的影响最小;硅橡胶膜的弹性性质很稳定,几乎不变;溶液酸度对甲基硅橡胶膜的Na+通透性变化有显著影响,而在膜管内循环流动的无机盐溶液浓度和运行温度都对Na+通透性的大小无显著影响。总体来说,溶液酸度对甲基硅橡胶膜的影响高于温度和溶液盐度,甲基硅橡胶膜在老化40天后仍满足膜的力学性能要求,保持较高的Na+截留率,具有萃取膜高效分离、使用寿命长、更换频率低的优点。
[Abstract]:There is a certain relationship between the macroscopical properties of the material and its structure. In this paper, the structure parameters of methylsilicone rubber membrane were used to study three kinds of organic compounds (aniline, phenol). The extraction and recovery characteristics of low molecular organic acids were analyzed by fitting the recovery results of organic compounds. At the same time, the change of the mechanical properties of the membrane during the extraction of organic compounds by methyl silicone rubber membrane was studied. In combination with the application of membrane extraction technology, three factors, acidity, salinity and temperature, were selected to study the change of the mechanical properties of the membrane. The results show that the structural parameters which affect the recovery of volatile organic compounds mainly include the octanol / water partition coefficient and molecular polarizability of organic compounds. The effect of the acidity of the solution outside the membrane on the hardness of methyl-silicone rubber membrane was significant, followed by the concentration of salt ions in the membrane tube and the minimum effect of temperature on the hardness change of silicone rubber, and the elastic properties of the silicone rubber membrane were stable and almost unchanged. The acidity of the solution has a significant effect on the Na permeability of the methylsilicone rubber membrane, but the concentration of inorganic salt solution circulating in the membrane tube and the operating temperature have no significant effect on the permeability of Na. In general, the effect of solution acidity on methylsilicone rubber membrane is higher than that of temperature and solution salinity. After 40 days of aging, methyl silicone rubber membrane still meets the requirements of the mechanical properties of the membrane, maintains a high Na rejection rate, and has a high efficiency separation of the extraction membrane. Long service life, low replacement frequency advantages.
【作者单位】：陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：陕西省科技统筹创新项目(2013KTCL14) 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2015JM4127)
【分类号】：TQ051.893

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