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钢中残余元素锡与锑析出行为的基础研究

发布时间:2018-01-16 15:04

  本文关键词:钢中残余元素锡与锑析出行为的基础研究 出处:《北京科技大学》2016年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文


  更多相关文章: 二维错配度 异质形核 力学性能


【摘要】:随着炼钢生产中废钢循环利用的比例越来越大,锡、锑等残余元素在钢中的富集问题将日益严峻。锡、锑等残余元素在钢中不断的富集,会因其易在晶界和表面偏聚而严重恶化钢材的高温塑性、低温冲击韧性等。目前生产中解决钢中残余元素超标的主要方法为采用优质原料进行稀释,然而这并不能从根本上解决钢中残余元素循环富集的问题。本文通过系统研究锡、锑在钢中的析出规律,锡、锑异质形核析出所需的冶金条件,以及锡、锑弥散析出前后对钢性能的影响规律,期望在不降低钢中锡、锑含量的前提下,通过改变其在钢中的析出行为,减轻甚至消除其在晶界和表面的偏聚,改善其对钢性能的危害。应用点阵错配度理论,对钢中常见夹杂物Si02、A1203、MnS和TiN与残余元素锡、锑以及铁锡、铁锑金属问化合物之间的二维错配度进行了计算。结果表明,在二维错配度值小于12%作为基体对形核相具有较好异质形核效果的判别标准下,Si02可作为FeSn、Fe3Sn2的有效异质形核核心;A1203可成为FeSn、Fe3Sn2、Fe5Sn3、Sb的有效异质形核核心;MnS可作为Sn、FeSn、 FeSb2、FeSb的有效异质形核核心。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜对含Sn(Sb)量分别为0.5%、1.5%和5.0%的Fe-Sn合金和Fe-Sb合金中的Sn、Sb析出行为进行了研究,并对析出相的类型进行了鉴定。结果表明,对Sn含量为5.0%的Fe-Sn合金,1600℃水冷的试样中有含Sn相析出,该冶炼条件下,Sb含量为5.0%的Fe-Sb合金中也有含Sb相析出;但是Sn(Sb)含量为0.5%和1.5%的Fe-Sn(Sb)合金中在同样条件下并没有观察到含Sn(Sb)相析出,线扫描的能谱分析发现其主要在晶界偏聚。对于Sn(Sb)含量为0.5%、1.5%和5.0%的Fe-Sn(Sb)合金,在1200℃和600℃分别水冷的试样中没有发现含Sn(Sb)相的析出,能谱分析结果表明Sn(Sb)在晶界有富集。利用碳复型萃取技术对1600℃水冷的Sn(Sb)含量为5.0%的Fe-Sn(Sb)合金中的Sn(Sb)析出相进行研究,透射选区衍射标定结果表明,Fe-5.0%Sn合金中析出的含Sn相为FeSn2,Fe-5.0%Sb合金中析出的含Sb相为ε-FeSb。根据锡、锑在钢中的析出相类型及其与钢中常见夹杂物的二维错配度计算结果,本文选取MnS夹杂物作为锡、锑异质析出的形核质点。计算了实验钢中MnS夹杂物的生成热力学条件,对能成为含Sn、Sb相有效异质形核核心的MnS夹杂的形状和尺寸进行了研究。结果表明,当凝固分率达到0.9464以后,钢中MnS夹杂物开始析出,此时析出温度为1689.9K。钢中直径2-4gm的球形硫化锰夹杂物可以成为残余元素锡异质析出的形核核心,钢中残余元素锑则可以在直径1-10μm的硫化锰夹杂物上异质形核析出,添加0.03wt%Ti能明显提高MnS夹杂物上含Sn(Sb)相的形核率,Sn和Sb的异质形核率分别由8.8%和13.21%提高到17.14%和36.02%。选区电子衍射结果表明MnS夹杂物上异质析出的含锡相为FeSn2,含锑相为ε-FeSb相,该结果与Fe-Sn(Sb)二元合金中的含Sn(Sb)析出相种类相一致。应用Gleeble 1500热模拟机对含锡、锑C-Mn钢的高温热塑性以及MnS变质处理改善其热塑性进行了研究。结果表明,随着锡、锑含量的增加,C-Mn钢的热塑性逐渐恶化。当锡含量为0.04wt%和0.10wt%时,C-Mn钢第三脆性温度区700℃~900℃范围内热塑性明显下降;锑含量为0.046wt%和0.13wt%时,主要表现为显著降低C-Mn钢奥氏体单相区850℃~900℃温度范围内的热塑性。电子探针(EMPA)分析表明残余元素锡和锑的晶界偏聚是钢热塑性恶化的原因。对于MnS改善含锡、锑实验钢的热塑性,研究结果表明,含0.10wt%Sn和含0.13wt%Sb的C-Mn钢中添加0.02wt%S和0.03wt%Ti后,含锡C-Mn钢700℃-900℃以及含锑C-Mn钢700℃~1100℃的热塑性明显得到改善。测定了不同Sn和Sb含量实验钢的常温拉伸以及室(低温)冲击性能。结果表明,常温拉伸时,随着残余元素锡含量由0%增加到O.10wt%、锑含量由0%增加到0.13wt%,C-Mn钢的屈服强度和屈强比小幅提高,断面收缩率明显降低。对于冲击韧性,常温时,当实验钢中Sn含量从0%增加到0.017wt%时,冲击功急剧减少,Sn含量超过0.040wt%时,冲击功减少速度变缓。低温(-20℃和-40℃)时,当实验钢中Sn含量从0%增加到0.0068wt%时,冲击功急剧减少,Sn含量超过0.0068wt%时,冲击功减少速度变缓。同时,残余元素Sb也严重影响实验钢的冲击韧性。添加少量的Sb(0%-0.006wt%)时,实验钢的常温冲击功和低温(-20℃和-40℃)冲击功急剧减少。当Sb含量超过0.046wt%后,常温冲击功缓慢减少;当锑含量超过0.015wt%以后,低温(-20℃和-40℃)冲击功基本保持不变。含0.10wt%Sn和含0.13wt%Sb的C-Mn钢中添加0.02wt%S和0.03wt%Ti后,MnS变质处理的试样常温和低温冲击韧性得到明显改善。
[Abstract]:With the proportion of scrap recycling in steel production is more and more big, tin, antimony and other enrichment of residual elements in steel will become increasingly grim. Tin, antimony and other residual elements in the steel continuously enriched, due to high temperature at grain boundary and the surface segregation and the serious deterioration of steel plastic, low temperature impact toughness in the current production. The main method to solve the problem of residual elements in steel exceed the standard for the use of high-quality raw materials for dilution, but this does not solve the problem of circulation and enrichment of residual elements in steel fundamentally. This paper makes a systematic research on Precipitation in steel, tin, antimony in tin, antimony metallurgical conditions, heterogeneous nucleation precipitation required the influence of steel and tin, antimony precipitation before and after the performance, expectations can reduce the steel tin, antimony content under the premise, by changing the precipitation behavior in the steel, reduce or even eliminate the segregation in the grain boundary and the surface, improve the Harm the performance of steel. Application of lattice disregistry, A1203 of the common inclusions in steel, Si02, MnS and TiN and Sn, antimony and iron tin antimony, iron metal Q disregistry between compound degree were calculated. The results show that in the two-dimensional misfit value is less than 12% as the base of the body the nucleation phase has a good criterion for heterogeneous nucleation effect, Si02 can be used as FeSn, Fe3Sn2 effective heterogeneous nucleation; A1203 is FeSn, Fe3Sn2, Fe5Sn3, Sb effective heterogeneous nucleation; MnS can be used as Sn, FeSn, FeSb2, FeSb of the effective heterogeneous nucleation of heart. Sn using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (Sb) were 0.5%, 1.5% and 5% of the Fe-Sn alloy and Fe-Sb alloy in the Sn, Sb precipitation behavior was studied, and the precipitation types were identified. The results showed that the Sn content of Fe-Sn alloy 5%, with Sn of 1600 samples in the cold water temperature 鍑,

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