基于水基润滑陶瓷动静压轴承的电主轴研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 00:09

本文关键词：基于水基润滑陶瓷动静压轴承的电主轴研究　出处：《天津大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代装备制造业对高速精密机床提出了更高的要求,电主轴是机床最关键的部件之一,而水润滑陶瓷轴承被看作下一代主轴的极佳选择。但是,水润滑陶瓷轴承在润滑剂、摩擦副材料、系统动力学特性、陶瓷轴承的设计与制造、主轴的可靠性等方面还存在许多疑问,有待进一步研究。针对上述问题,本文主要研究内容如下:1.对硅基非氧化物陶瓷材料在低元醇水溶液中的摩擦磨损特性进行了实验研究,对比了不同材料在不同润滑条件下的摩擦学性能,结果表明:(1)自配副Si_3N_4的摩擦磨损性能受醇的浓度影响很大,丙三醇浓度的升高几乎可以改善所有摩擦学性能;较高的温度会恶化各项性能;5%左右的低浓度醇可能会恶化Si_3N_4的摩擦学特性。(2)自配副SiC的摩擦学性能随醇浓度的升高而提升。(3)自配副Si_3N_4和SiC在醇的水溶液中表现出的性能截然不同,纯水或低浓度醇溶液中SiC表现更佳,而在高浓度醇溶液中Si_3N_4更为优秀。2.对轴承-转子系统的非线性动力学特性进行了研究,将具有全频段隔振效果的非线性阻尼支撑引入到轴承-转子系统中,并对非线性阻尼支撑对系统非线性行为的影响进行了系统性分析,对轴承-转子系统的参数影响进行了讨论。3.总结了陶瓷轴承主轴全包容结构的设计准则,并针对最常用的三种轴承布置形式给出了设计实例,形成了完整的自主知识产权体系。以通用型轴承布置主轴为例,介绍了陶瓷轴承电主轴的设计和制造流程,完成了完全采用陶瓷轴承的电主轴制造与装配。4.对水基润滑陶瓷轴承主轴样机进行了试验。结果表明:水基润滑相对于油润滑能够降温50%以上;陶瓷轴承采用全包容结构后,具有极高的可靠性,水基润滑陶瓷材料的耐磨性优于传统金属材料。
[Abstract]:Modern equipment manufacturing industry has put forward higher requirements for high-speed precision machine tools. Motorized spindle is one of the most important components of machine tools, and water-lubricated ceramic bearings are regarded as the best choice for the next generation spindle. Water lubricated ceramic bearings have many problems in lubricant, friction materials, system dynamics, design and manufacture of ceramic bearings, reliability of spindle, etc. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The friction and wear properties of silicon-based non-oxide ceramic materials in low alcohol aqueous solution were studied experimentally, and the tribological properties of different materials under different lubrication conditions were compared. The results show that the friction and wear properties of Si_3N_4 are greatly affected by the concentration of alcohol, and the tribological properties can be improved by increasing the concentration of glycerol. Higher temperature will deteriorate the performance; The tribological properties of Si_3N_4 may be deteriorated by low concentration of 5% alcohols.) the tribological properties of self-made SiC pairs increase with the increase of alcohol concentration, and the tribological properties of SiC pairs increase with the increase of alcohol concentration. The properties of self-made Si_3N_4 and SiC in the aqueous solution of alcohols are very different. SiC in pure water or low concentration alcohol solution is better than Si_3N_4 in high concentration alcohol solution. The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of bearing-rotor system are studied. The nonlinear damping braces with full frequency isolation effect are introduced into the bearing-rotor system, and the influence of the nonlinear damping braces on the nonlinear behavior of the system is systematically analyzed. The influence of the parameters of the bearing-rotor system is discussed. 3. The design criteria of the all-inclusive structure of the ceramic bearing spindle are summarized, and the design examples are given for the three most commonly used types of bearing arrangement. A complete independent intellectual property system is formed. Taking the general bearing arrangement spindle as an example, the design and manufacturing process of ceramic bearing motorized spindle are introduced. The manufacture and assembly of electric spindle with ceramic bearing is completed. The experiment on the prototype of water-base lubricated ceramic bearing spindle is carried out. The results show that the water-base lubrication can lower the temperature by more than 50% compared with oil lubrication. Ceramic bearings with all-inclusive structure have high reliability and wear resistance of water-based lubricated ceramic materials is better than that of traditional metal materials.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TG502.3

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