航空透明件抗风砂冲蚀聚氨酯防护涂层研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 12:24

本文关键词： 航空透明件风砂聚氨酯耐候性　出处：《中国建筑材料科学研究总院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：航空透明件在使用过程中存在风砂冲蚀磨损的问题,严重影响透明件使用,但是,目前已有的防护手段无法满足航空透明件防护的使用要求。本论文通过研发综合性能满足使用要求的聚氨酯涂层,解决航空透明件的风砂防护问题。根据使用环境确定性能要求,结合有机材料风砂冲蚀和聚氨酯材料的研究,确定以己二异氰酸酯缩二脲(N-75)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚四氢呋喃二醇(PTMG)、聚醚330(N-330)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)和羟基丙烯酸树脂为原料,采用双组份预聚体的方法制备聚氨酯涂层。本论文设计了两条工艺路线:路线一,首先制备OH封端聚氨酯预聚体,然后将预聚体和羟基丙烯酸树脂混合,再将混合溶液与N-75混合,加热固化制备涂层;路线二,制备NCO封端聚氨酯预聚体,将预聚体直接与羟基丙烯酸树脂混合,加热固化制备涂层。实验结果表明,采用路线一制备的涂层存在严重开裂问题,且通过配方和工艺调整难以消除;路线二通过原料和配比调整,成功制备出透光度高于90%,雾度小于1%的涂层。在制备过程中,使用流平助剂来消除涂层表面缺陷,并对流平助剂的种类和用量进行了考察,发现使用质量分数0.05%的有机硅丙烯酸共聚物类流平剂A可以获得良好表面状态的涂层。通过紫外光辐照和去离子水浸泡的方式对已制备的涂层进行耐候性考察,实验结果表明:涂层耐水性能优异,但耐紫外性能不足;采用TMP为原料的涂层相比于使用N-330为原料的涂层耐候性较好。通过使用抗紫外老化助剂,成功解决涂层耐紫外性不足的问题。其中制备的PU-TA-51S涂层在一系列老化测试中性能优异,满足航空透明件防护涂层的耐候性需要。针对涂层抗风砂性能的研究中,对涂层厚度和抗风砂性能进行了测试,发现厚度在200μm以下时,随厚度增加,抗风砂性能上升;厚度在200μm以上时,厚度变化对涂层抗风砂性能几乎没有影响。通过改变羟基丙烯酸树脂含量,制备不同机械性能的聚氨酯涂层。观察风砂实验中涂层表面破坏状态,以及进行静态力学和动态力学测试来研究涂层产生不同抗风砂性能的原因。经过一系列的研究,本论文成功制备符合航空透明件防护使用要求的聚氨酯涂层,该涂层同时具有透明、耐候、抗风砂等性能,同时,使用时操作简便,适用性强。
[Abstract]:Air sand erosion wear problem exists in the process of use of aviation transparent parts, which seriously affects the use of transparent parts, however. The existing protective measures can not meet the requirements of aviation transparent parts protection. This paper through the development of comprehensive properties to meet the requirements of the use of polyurethane coatings. To solve the problem of air sand protection for aviation transparent parts. According to the performance requirements of the application environment, combined with the study of organic materials, wind sand erosion and polyurethane materials, the N-75 diisocyanate biuret was determined. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDIN), polytetrahydrofuranediol (PTMGN), polyether (330o N-330N), trimethylolpropane (TMP) and hydroxy acrylic resin were used as raw materials. Polyurethane coating was prepared by two-component prepolymer. In this paper, two technological routes were designed: firstly, OH terminated polyurethane prepolymer was prepared, then the prepolymer was mixed with hydroxyl acrylic resin. Then the mixed solution was mixed with N-75, and the coating was prepared by heating and curing. The second route is to prepare NCO capped polyurethane prepolymer. The prepolymer is mixed directly with hydroxyl acrylic resin and the coating is prepared by heating curing. The experimental results show that the coating prepared by route one has serious cracking problem. And it is difficult to eliminate by formula and process adjustment. Through the adjustment of raw material and ratio, the coating with transmittance higher than 90 and fog less than 1% was successfully prepared. In the process of preparation, the surface defects of the coating were eliminated by using leveling agent. The types and dosage of convection leveling auxiliaries were investigated. It was found that a good surface state coating could be obtained by using silicone acrylic acid copolymer flattening agent A with mass fraction 0.05%. Weathering resistance of the prepared coating was studied by UV irradiation and deionized water immersion. Sexual investigation. The experimental results show that the water resistance of the coating is excellent, but the UV resistance is insufficient. The weathering resistance of the coating using TMP as raw material is better than that of using N-330 as raw material. The problem of low UV resistance of the coating was successfully solved, in which the PU-TA-51S coating had excellent performance in a series of aging tests. In order to meet the requirement of weathering resistance of aviation transparent parts protective coating, the thickness of coating and the property of anti-wind sand were tested in the study of the coating's wind-resistant sand properties. It was found that the thickness of coating increased with the thickness of the coating when the thickness was below 200 渭 m. The property of wind-resistant sand is improved; When the thickness is more than 200 渭 m, the change of thickness has little effect on the wind resistance of the coating, and the content of hydroxyl acrylic resin is changed by changing the content of hydroxyl acrylic resin. Polyurethane coatings with different mechanical properties were prepared. Through a series of studies, the polyurethane coatings which meet the requirements of aviation transparent parts protection are successfully prepared. The coating also has the properties of transparency, weathering resistance, wind sand resistance and so on. At the same time, it is easy to operate and has strong applicability.
【学位授予单位】：中国建筑材料科学研究总院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V252;TG174.4

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