非圆球头整体铣刀刃形设计制造及其刀具路径生成算法

发布时间：2018-01-27 09:29

本文关键词： 非圆球头铣刀椭球头铣刀旋转抛物面型铣刀 “8”字型铣刀整体铣刀　出处：《哈尔滨理工大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着航空航天用零件和汽车模具型面的复杂程度越来越高,对数控加工中的加工效率和工件表面质量的要求也越来越高,刀具的精准设计对提高加工效率、改善工件表面质量和降低加工成本有着极为重要意义。计算机技术的发展对刀具技术的发展产生了极为重要的作用,降低了刀具精准设计、刀具精准制备和复杂型面加工等问题的难度。刀具的设计、制造和应用的精准性的提高对高精度加工制造极为重要。目前对刀具的结构设计、几何设计的研究相对较少,而刀具的结构和刀具几何形状对刀具的切削性能具有至关重要的影响。为了提高加工效率、改善工件表面质量,为适用于航空航天、汽车模具制造业等领域中的小曲率敞口类曲面的加工,本文设计了椭球头铣刀、旋转抛物面型铣刀和“8”字型铣刀3种不同形状和性能的非圆球头整体铣刀,分别建立了3种新型刀具的三种切削刃曲线模型,为新型刀具的精准制造提供了理论基础。基于MATLAB开发了新型铣刀参数化设计平台,实现了新型铣刀的参数化设计和刀具可视化设计,可以为刀具的设计提供仿真验证平台。考虑到二轴联动数控磨削的经济性和便利性,建立了新型刀具的二轴联动数控磨削模型,提出了砂轮轮廓曲线模型,计算了砂轮轴向进给速度和径向进给速度。考虑到五轴联动数控磨削的应用性和精准性,建立了新型刀具的五轴联动数控磨削模型,计算了砂轮中心点位置和砂轮轴线方向,为新型刀具的精准制造提供了理论基础。针对汽车模具型面以三轴数控端铣加工为主的应用需求,建立了回转刀具的三轴数控端铣加工刀具路径生成算法,建立了回转刀具的刀位点轨迹模型。考虑到本文所设计的椭球头铣刀、旋转抛物面型铣刀和“8”字型铣刀的刀具几何模型的特殊性,分别建立了椭球头铣刀、旋转抛物面型铣刀和“8”字型铣刀的三轴数控端铣加工刀具路径生成算法。为了验证椭球头铣刀、旋转抛物面型铣刀和“8”字型铣刀的刀具性能,本文对所设计的椭球头铣刀、旋转抛物面型铣刀和“8”字型铣刀的刀具性能进行实验研究,与球头铣刀对比,进行了斜面铣削对比实验、凹凸曲面铣削对比实验和参数曲面铣削对比实验。通过对比实验,验证了本文所设计刀具的切削性能。
[Abstract]:With the increasing complexity of aerospace parts and automobile die surfaces, the machining efficiency and the surface quality of workpiece are more and more demanding in NC machining, and the precision design of cutting tools can improve the machining efficiency. It is very important to improve the surface quality of workpiece and reduce the machining cost. The development of computer technology plays an important role in the development of tool technology and reduces the precision of tool design. It is very important to improve the precision of tool design, manufacture and application for high precision machining. At present, it is very important to design the structure of cutting tools. The research of geometric design is relatively few, and the structure and geometry of the tool have a vital influence on the cutting performance. In order to improve the machining efficiency and improve the surface quality of the workpiece, it is suitable for aerospace. This paper designs three kinds of non-circular head milling cutters with different shape and performance, such as ellipsoid milling cutter, rotating paraboloid milling cutter and "8" type milling cutter. Three cutting edge curve models of three kinds of new cutting tools are established, which provide the theoretical basis for the precision manufacturing of new cutting tools. The parametric design platform of new type milling cutters is developed based on MATLAB. The parametric design and tool visual design of the new milling cutter are realized, which can provide a simulation verification platform for the tool design, considering the economy and convenience of the two-axis linkage NC grinding. In this paper, a new NC grinding model of two axis linkage for cutting tools is established, and the profile curve model of grinding wheel is presented. The axial feed speed and radial feed speed of grinding wheel are calculated, and the applicability and accuracy of five-axis linkage NC grinding are considered. The five-axis NC grinding model of the new tool is established, and the position of the grinding wheel center point and the axis direction of the grinding wheel are calculated. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the precision manufacturing of new cutting tools. Aiming at the application demand of three-axis NC end-milling machining on the die surface of automobile, the algorithm of generating tool path for three-axis NC end-milling machining of rotary tools is established. The tool locus locus model of rotary cutter is established. Considering the particularity of ellipsoid milling cutter, rotating paraboloid milling cutter and "8" type milling cutter, the ellipsoid milling cutter is established respectively. In order to verify the tool performance of the ellipsoid end milling cutter, rotary paraboloid milling cutter and "8" type milling cutter have the tool path generation algorithm of three-axis NC end milling cutter and "8" type milling cutter, which are used to verify the tool performance of the rotary paraboloid milling cutter and the "8" type milling cutter in order to verify the tool performance of the ellipsoid end milling cutter. In this paper, the performance of ellipsoid milling cutter, rotary paraboloid milling cutter and "8" type milling cutter are studied experimentally. The contrast experiment of concave and convex surface milling and parametric surface milling is carried out, and the cutting performance of the tool designed in this paper is verified by the contrast experiment.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG714

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