变径变导程变槽深螺杆的三轴旋风铣削加工技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-01 01:25

本文关键词： 旋风铣削变直径螺杆变导程螺杆变槽深螺杆　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：螺杆类零件广泛应用于机械、化工、石油等众多工业领域中,并且在相关加工装备中处于关键位置。随着对加工原料特性及加工工艺探索的深入,更多特殊的工艺要求被提出,从而发展出各种异型螺杆。变径变导程变槽深螺杆是一类其导程、直径、槽深同时变化的复杂异型螺杆,其曲面变化复杂,表面质量受到螺杆几何参数、刀盘参数和加工参数等的综合影响,加工难度较大。目前的研究主要集中于两个参数同时变化的该类螺杆,且主要通过四轴及四轴以上的数控铣床进行加工。虽然多轴机床能够实现高效高精度加工,但机床成本和复杂的工序都限制了其在国内中小企业中的推广。螺杆旋风铣削是一种用装在高速旋转刀盘上的刀具从工件上铣削出螺纹的加工方法,分为内切式和外切式。其中内切式在加工过程中刀具回转直径大,切削速度高,刀具回转面与工件表面接触线相对比较长,切削更为平稳,加工件的表面光洁度更高,常用于螺杆类零件的加工。由于旋风铣床可以由普通数控车床改造而成,造价较低,在广大中小企业中有更好的应用性。基于以上两点,本文尝试利用三轴旋风铣削技术对变径变导程变槽深螺杆的加工进行研究。基本的研究思路为:基于变直径、变导程、变槽深螺杆类零件的数学模型,研究其旋风铣削方法和理论误差模型,为复杂异型螺杆的高效、低成本加工打下基础。具体来说,首先基于螺杆成形原理建立了变径变导程变槽深螺杆曲面和刀具回转曲面的空间几何模型;在此基础上根据空间啮合原理,推导出了三轴旋风铣削空间包络条件公式,并由此分析了三轴机床在空间包络加工方面的局限性;建立了截面包络法的理论误差模型,由此优化了截面包络刀位点计算方法,并进一步探讨了刀具轨迹规划方法。最后,在以上理论研究的基础上,开发了基于UG的加工模拟系统,并根据上文整个计算过程编制了基于MATLAB的计算模块,对某挤压螺杆模型进行了实验,验证了以上理论,证明了三轴旋风铣削变径变导程变槽深螺杆的可行性。
[Abstract]:Screw parts are widely used in machinery, chemical, petroleum and many other industrial fields, and in the relevant processing equipment in the key position. With the in-depth exploration of the characteristics of processing raw materials and processing technology. More special technological requirements have been put forward and various kinds of special-shaped screw have been developed. The variable-diameter variable-lead variable groove-depth screw is a kind of complex special-shaped screw whose lead diameter and groove depth change simultaneously and its curved surface change is complex. The surface quality is affected by the geometric parameters of the screw, the parameters of the cutter head and the machining parameters, and so on, so it is difficult to process. The current research is mainly focused on the two parameters of the screw changes at the same time. And mainly through four-axis and more than four axis CNC milling machine, although multi-axis machine tools can achieve high-efficiency and high-precision machining. However, the cost of machine tools and complex processes limit their promotion in small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Screw whirlwind milling is a machining method of milling threads from workpieces with a tool mounted on a high speed rotary cutter. In the process of machining, the cutting tool has large turning diameter, high cutting speed, relatively long contact line between the tool surface and the workpiece surface, and the cutting is more stable. The surface finish of the workpiece is higher, which is often used in the processing of screw parts. Because the whirlwind milling machine can be modified by the general numerical control lathe, the cost is lower. In the vast number of small and medium-sized enterprises have a better application. Based on the above two points. This paper attempts to use the three-axis whirlwind milling technology to study the processing of variable diameter, variable lead, variable groove depth screw. The basic research ideas are: based on the mathematical model of variable diameter, variable lead, and variable groove depth screw parts. The whirlwind milling method and theoretical error model are studied to lay the foundation for the high efficiency and low cost machining of the complex special-shaped screw. Firstly, based on the principle of screw forming, the spatial geometric models of variable diameter, variable lead, variable slot depth screw surface and tool rotation surface are established. On this basis, according to the principle of space meshing, the formula of three axis whirlwind milling space envelope condition is deduced, and the limitation of three axis machine tool in space envelope machining is analyzed. The theoretical error model of cross section envelope method is established, and the calculation method of section envelope tool location is optimized, and the tool path planning method is further discussed. Finally, on the basis of the above theoretical research. The machining simulation system based on UG is developed, and the calculation module based on MATLAB is compiled according to the whole calculation process above. The experiment of a extrusion screw model is carried out, and the above theory is verified. The feasibility of triaxial whirlwind milling of variable diameter variable lead variable slot depth screw is proved.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG54

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