两相区连铸铜锡合金的化学成分和组织性能变化规律及机理
发布时间:2018-02-01 03:03
本文关键词: 两相区连铸 铜锡合金 晶包晶组织 化学成分 力学性能 出处:《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:Cu-Sn合金具有较高的强度、良好的抗磨性和抗腐蚀性等优点,在工业领域有广阔的应用前景。但是,由于Cu-Sn合金具有较宽的固液两相区,采用传统方法制备的合金存在严重的偏析行为,合金的成分分布很不均匀。同时,合金的塑性以及导电性能较差,严重影响了合金的使用性能。两相区连铸技术适合制备具有宽固液两相区的合金,现行研究结果表明,采用两相区连铸技术可制备具有柱状晶组织的合金,合金的综合性能显著提高。本论文系统研究了两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金的成分分布规律,探讨了两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金反偏析的形成机理。其次,深入分析了两相区连铸Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金的力学性能、导电性能与微观组织之间的关系,对微观组织进行了三维透视成像表征以及量化表征,并在量化表征的基础上,建立了两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金微观组织与工艺参数之间的定量关系模型。最后,对两相区连铸Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金的微观组织形成机理进行了研究。所得结果可为发展两相区连铸技术及其在工业中的应用奠定理论基础,研究工作取得了以下主要结果。采用两相区连铸技术制备得到的Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金成分分布均匀,内部组织致密,无明显缺陷。铸型内固液界面形貌对Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金成分分布有重要影响,若合金在铸型内的固液界面平直,可制备出表面质量良好,成分分布均匀的Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金;若合金的中央部分率先开始凝固,形成合金中部略微向上凸起的固液界面,而合金的两侧呈现出顺"八"字的斜面状固液界面,导致斜面状固液界面与型壁之间形成狭小的缝隙,则会形成反偏析现象。主要原因是缝隙内的液相金属富集大量Sn溶质,富含Sn溶质的液相合金具有较低的熔点,在铸型的高温区不能凝固而附着在已凝固合金的表面,在铸型低温区完成凝固成为合金的表面层,导致了两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金反偏析的形成。两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金的平均抗拉强度为267 MPa,断后伸长率最高达到49%,与普通冷型连铸Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金相比,合金的抗拉强度与断后伸长率明显提高。由于两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金的微观组织主要由柱状晶,柱状晶晶界之间的小晶粒以及晶包晶(一个柱状晶完全包覆至少一个小晶粒的组织)组成,因而合金在形变时,柱状晶之间的协调变形能有效提高合金的断后伸长率。同时,由于许多柱状晶内都含有不少具有自封闭晶界的小晶粒,当小晶粒的晶界由于移动困难而产生裂纹时,不存在裂纹沿晶界进行扩展的行为。在拉伸形变过程中产生的位错会大量塞积在小晶粒的晶界处,在柱状晶内形成"位错岛"。正是由于两相区连铸Cu-4.7%Sn合金拉伸变形过程中这些"位错岛"的出现,对位错的滑移起到了很强的钉扎作用,从而使得抗拉强度明显增加。两相区连铸Cu-4.7 wt%Sn合金的电阻率为8.937×10-6 Ω·cm,与普通冷型连铸Cu-4.7wt%Sn合金相比,电导率提升了 12.2%。其主要原因是两相区连铸Cu-4.7%Sn合金中的横向晶界较少,其次,柱状晶内的小晶粒只占很少的面积,有助于减少电子的散射。结合二维金相与计算机三维图像处理技术可获得晶包晶组织的透视成像表征,在三维透视成像的基础上,综合考虑小晶粒的大小、被包覆小晶粒的数量、柱状晶晶界处小晶粒的数量、合金外表面小晶粒数量、柱状晶的数量、柱状晶的大小、包覆小晶粒的柱状晶数量、单个柱状晶包覆小晶粒的最大数量和最小数量等可以实现具有晶包晶微观组织的量化表征。利用BP人工神经网络建立了两相区连铸制备工艺与具有晶包晶微观组织之间的定量关系模型,所构建的BP人工神经网络模型具有较高的精度。实验与有限元数值模拟结果表明,在铸型的出口处,合金被强制冷却,铸型内热流的方向近似平行于[001]方向,晶粒沿热流方向相反的方向进行生长形成柱状晶粒。在铸型的型壁以及固液界面前沿存在小晶粒的形核和长大,小晶粒生长的方向较为随机,当小晶粒的[001]方向与热流方向平行时,小晶粒可能继续向上生长,形成新的柱状晶粒。当小晶粒的[001]方向与热流方向非平行时,小晶粒在各个方向均不存在快速的生长方向,生长缓慢,被快速向上生长的柱状晶粒包覆,形成柱状晶粒包覆小晶粒的晶包晶组织。
[Abstract]:Cu-Sn alloy has high strength, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance and other advantages of good, has a broad application prospect in the industrial field. However, due to the Cu-Sn alloy with the solid-liquid two-phase region wide, there exists serious segregation behavior of alloy prepared by traditional method, the alloy components are very unevenly distributed. At the same time. Alloy plastic and conductive performance is poor, a serious impact on the performance of the alloy. The alloy casting technology is suitable for the preparation of the two-phase region wide solid-liquid two-phase region, the results show that the two-phase region can be prepared by casting alloy with columnar grain structure, the mechanical properties of the alloys increased significantly. The distribution of components this dissertation has systematically studied the two-phase region casting Cu-4.7 wt%Sn alloy, discusses the two-phase region casting Cu-4.7 wt%Sn alloy anti segregation mechanism. Secondly, in-depth analysis of the two-phase region casting Cu-4.7wt%Sn alloy force School performance, the relationship between conductivity and microstructure, the microstructure of the 3D X-ray imaging characterization and quantitative characterization, and on the basis of quantitative characterization on the establishment of a quantitative model of relationship between microstructure and process parameters of two-phase region casting Cu-4.7 wt%Sn alloy were studied. Finally, the mechanism of microstructure formation in the two-phase region continuous casting of Cu-4.7wt%Sn alloy. The results for the development of two-phase continuous casting technology and its application in industry and lay the theoretical foundation, research results are as follows. The composition of Cu-4.7wt%Sn alloy prepared by continuous casting technology for two-phase region distribution, dense internal organization, without obvious defects. The solid-liquid interface morphology has an important effect on the mold the distribution of Cu-4.7wt%Sn alloy components, if the alloy in the mould of the solid-liquid interface is flat, can be prepared with good surface quality and uniform distribution of Cu components -4.7wt%Sn鍚堥噾;鑻ュ悎閲戠殑涓ぎ閮ㄥ垎鐜囧厛寮,
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