整体叶轮五轴加工无干涉刀具轨迹研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 16:36

本文关键词： 整体叶轮五轴加工层切法刀轴控制仿真验证　出处：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：整体叶轮广泛应用于航天航空、能源动力等国防工业。这类叶轮通常需要五轴联动机床进行加工,但由于其具有叶片薄且扭曲大、表面复杂且加工精度高等特点,加工过程中容易发生干涉问题。本文将研究整体叶轮五轴加工无干涉刀具轨迹的生成。为了生成无干涉的叶轮加工刀具路径,首先根据NURBS曲线曲面造型理论,建立三次NURBS曲线拟合模型,通过利用型值点反算出控制点的方法和曲率检测方法,完成叶片曲面的创建。其次根据整体叶轮的几何结构特征,分析其加工难点,一是叶片相对较长且薄,加工过程中易变形;二是叶片扭曲且流道比较窄,加工易发生干涉,增加刀轴的控制难度。然后针对整体叶轮五轴加工过程中的干涉问题,通过建立五轴加工刀轴控制模型,重点研究无干涉刀具轨迹规划的相关算法。在粗加工阶段,运用曲面单位法曲面算法,快速求解出叶片和轮毂的偏置面,并给出了走刀步长和行距的算法,实现了基于层切法无干涉刀轨的生成;在精加工阶段,给出了整体叶轮叶片侧铣刀姿角的设定范围,实现了基于双点偏置法叶片侧铣精加工刀位点的快速计算,完成整体叶轮的无干涉的刀轨生成。最后利用UG/Post Builder创建5MC850-A加工中心机床的后置处理文件,对整体叶轮的刀具位置源(.CLS)文件进行后置处理,并生成NC代码;再利用VERICUT创建5MC850-A机床模型,配置仿真加工环境,对整体叶轮的进行虚拟加工,验证叶轮五轴加工无干涉刀具路径的正确性。本文以叶轮加工无干涉刀具路径规划为核心内容,主要研究了叶轮加工无干涉的刀轨规划的相关理论和算法,并通过创建机床的后置处理文件和虚拟加工环境,验证无干涉刀轨路径的准确性,为该类叶轮五轴加工提供参考。
[Abstract]:Integral impeller is widely used in national defense industry such as aerospace, energy power and so on. This kind of impeller usually needs five-axis machine tool to process, but because of its thin and twisted blade, complex surface and high machining precision, etc. Interference is easy to occur in machining process. This paper will study the generation of non-interference tool path in five-axis machining of integral impeller. In order to generate non-interference cutting tool path of impeller, first of all, according to the modeling theory of NURBS curve and surface, The cubic NURBS curve fitting model is established, and the blade surface is created by using the method of inverse calculating the control point and the curvature detecting method. Secondly, according to the geometric structure characteristics of the whole impeller, the machining difficulties are analyzed. One is that the blade is relatively long and thin, and it is easy to deform in the process of machining; the other is that the blade is twisted and the flow channel is relatively narrow, and the machining is prone to interference, which increases the control difficulty of the cutter shaft. Then, aiming at the interference problem in the five-axis machining process of the integral impeller, By establishing the control model of five-axis machining tool axis, the relevant algorithms of non-interference tool path planning are studied emphatically. In rough machining stage, the offset surface of blade and hub is solved quickly by using the curved surface unit method. At the same time, the algorithm of walking step and row distance is given, the generating of non-interference cutter track based on layer cutting method is realized, and in the finishing stage, the setting range of the pose angle of side milling cutter of integral impeller blade is given. Based on the two-point offset method, the tool location of blade side milling is calculated quickly, and the non-interference tool path is generated. Finally, the post-processing file of 5MC850-A machining center machine tool is created by UG/Post Builder. The cutting tool position source file of integral impeller is postprocessed, and NC code is generated, and then the 5MC850-A machine tool model is created by VERICUT, and the simulation machining environment is configured, and the integral impeller is processed in virtual way. To verify the correctness of non-interference tool path in impeller five-axis machining, this paper focuses on the non-interference tool path planning for impeller machining, and mainly studies the relevant theories and algorithms of non-interference tool path planning for impeller machining. By creating post-processing file and virtual machining environment of machine tool, the accuracy of non-interference tool path is verified, which provides a reference for the five-axis machining of this kind of impeller.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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