数控系统软件可靠性及评估方法研究与应用

发布时间：2018-03-10 11:25

本文选题：数控系统　切入点：软件可靠性　出处：《合肥工业大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：数控机床是装备制造业最重要的基础机械,其整体性能在很大程度上是由数控系统的性能水平而决定的。近些年来,随着我国机床产业的高速发展,国产数控系统的性能也得到了较大地提高,尤其是在功能和精度方面,已经逐渐接近国外先进水平。但是,相关数据统计表明,我国大部分中高档数控系统仍需依赖进口。究其原因,主要是国产数控系统在可靠性方面与国外相比仍存在较大差距。因此,提高国产数控系统的可靠性水平,已经成为我国装备制造业快速发展的关键所在。随着硬件技术的不断发展与完善,硬件平台已经非常成熟,其可靠性也相对较高,而软件失效已经成为导致整个系统发生故障的主要原因。由于加工精度和加工速度等技术指标的不断提升,数控系统的软件规模越来越大,软件层次越发复杂,导致软件发生失效的概率成倍增加。因此,研究数控系统软件可靠性的相关技术和理论变得非常重要。本文结合国家科技重大专项“标准型数控系统的产业化及专用型齿轮机床数控系统的研究开发”(编号:2012ZX04001-021)和安徽省自主创新专项资金项目“高性能智能化数控系统开发”(编号:2013AKKG0394)的研究工作,针对数控系统软件可靠性进行了全面而系统地研究,主要研究工作如下:(1)建立了数控系统软件体系结构模型,主要分为功能层、程序层和组件层;建立了一个基于AHP和组件复杂度的数控系统软件可靠性分配模型,以数控系统整体实用性最大为目标,以程序的最低可靠性和研发费用为约束条件,将可靠性指标分配给每个程序。并将程序的可靠性指标作为总指标,以组件的复杂度作为考量因素进行再分配,最终将可靠性指标分配给每个组件。实验结果表明,该方法在数控系统设计前期,研发人员对程序中组件的调用情况掌握不准确的情况下,可以将数控系统软件可靠性总指标合理地分配给每个组件,并为单个组件的研发提供了指导依据。(2)对GSK-HFUT型滚齿数控系统的软件部分进行了全面的失效模式及影响分析(FMEA)。分析的目的是找出系统软件中可靠性比较薄弱的环节,从而采取一些改进措施以降低失效发生的概率。分别从系统级和详细级两个方面对该型滚齿数控系统进行了分析,分析结果对于提高系统的软件可靠性或研发新系统具有一定的指导意义。(3)研究了数控系统软件缺陷自定位方法,并建立了代码缺陷怀疑度分类器模型。该方法可以帮助研发人员在软件发生失效后迅速准确地对缺陷进行定位。在数控系统软件体系结构的基础上,增加了一个体系结构扩展层,用以跟踪记录软件的执行信息。通过所建立的数控系统软件代码缺陷怀疑度分类器,计算出失效路径中各条有向边的怀疑度,指导研发人员对怀疑度最高的有向边进行代码检查。实验结果表明该方法是可行的,可以有效提高故障排除效率,减少数控系统的平均修复时间,从而提高了数控系统的可用度。(4)建立了软件可靠性模型评价体系和基数型多属性决策模型。通过6个评价指标,分别从拟合能力和预测能力两方面对模型进行全面地定量地评价。结合多目标决策方法对软件可靠性模型进行综合评价与选择,并讨论了决策模型的3种求解方法。实验结果表明,利用基数型多属性决策模型来选择最优软件可靠性模型是可行的。(5)建立了数控系统软件可靠性评估与预测模型。通过加权组合的建模方式来提高模型预测的准确性。提出了动态权值调整算法,并建立了动态加权组合模型。对比实验表明,该模型比现有的模型具有更低的拟合误差。在GSK-HFUT型滚齿数控系统上的成功应用,证明了此建模方法是有效的、可行的和普遍适用的,具有非常高的实用价值,其预测结果对于管理层作出正确决策具有非常重要的意义。
[Abstract]:NC machine tool is the basis of mechanical equipment manufacturing industry is the most important, its overall performance is determined by the performance level of CNC system to a great extent. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's machine tool industry, the performance of domestic CNC system have been greatly improved, especially in the aspects of function and accuracy, has been gradually close to the advanced level. However, the relevant statistical data show that, in the most high-end CNC system in China is still dependent on imports. The reason is mainly domestic CNC system in terms of reliability compared with foreign countries there is still a large gap. Therefore, improving the reliability level of domestic CNC system, has become the key to the rapid development of equipment manufacturing industry of our country. With the development of hardware technology, the hardware platform has been very mature, its reliability is relatively high, and has become the cause of software failure The main reason of failure of the system. The technical indexes of machining precision and machining speed increase, the CNC system software is more and more large scale software more complex, causes the software failure probability is exponentially increasing. Therefore, the related technology and theory research of CNC system software reliability becomes very important. Based on research and development industrialization and special type gear CNC system standard CNC system of the major projects of national science and technology "(No. 2012ZX04001-021) and the independent innovation in Anhui Province special fund project" high performance development of intelligent CNC system "(serial number: 2013AKKG0394) of the research work, the NC system software reliability research comprehensively and systematically are the main research work is as follows: (1) the establishment of the CNC system software architecture model, mainly consists of function layer, application layer and component layer; The establishment of a AHP and component based on complex CNC system software reliability allocation model, with the goal of maximum overall utility of CNC system, with the lowest cost of research and development program reliability as the constraint condition, the reliability index is assigned to each program. And the program reliability indexes as the total index, the complexity of the components as consideration for redistribution, finally the reliability index assigned to each component. The experimental results show that the method in the numerical control system design, R & D personnel master calls to the program components in the case of inaccurate reliability of CNC system software can be reasonably allocated to the total index of each component, and provides guidance on the basis of for the development of individual components. (2) the part of the software of GSK-HFUT hobbing CNC system of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) comprehensive analysis of the objective. Is to find out the weak links on the reliability of the software of the system, in order to take some measures to reduce the probability of failure. From two aspects of system level and detail level of the hobbing CNC system is analyzed, the analysis result has certain guiding significance for improving the reliability of software system or the development of new systems (3.) studied self localization method of CNC system software defects, and set up the code defect doubt classifier model. This method can help the developers in the software after the failure occurred quickly and accurately the defect location. Based on the numerical control system software architecture, adds an architecture extension layer, in order to track record the software execution information. Through the numerical control system software code defects the doubt classifier, calculate the failure path to the edge of the doubt, guide the development of people To doubt the highest degree of a code checks to the edge. The experimental results show that this method is feasible and can effectively improve troubleshooting efficiency, reduce the average repair time of NC system, so as to improve the availability of the CNC system. (4) to establish the model of software reliability evaluation system and multi attribute decision making model base through the 6 evaluation indexes, respectively from the fitting ability and predictive ability of the two aspects of the model to conduct a comprehensive quantitative evaluation. Combining the multi-objective decision method is used to evaluate the software reliability model selection, and discusses 3 kinds of methods for solving decision-making model. Experimental results show that the base of multi attribute decision making model optimal selection of software reliability model is feasible. (5) the establishment of the evaluation and prediction model of software reliability of CNC system. Through modeling the weighted combination to improve the model prediction accuracy . the dynamic weight adjustment algorithm, and establishes a dynamic weighted combination model. Experiments show that the fitting error of the model is lower than the existing model. The successful application of CNC gear rolling system in GSK-HFUT, proved that this modeling method is effective, feasible and applicable, with very high the practical value of the prediction results for management decision making has very important significance.

【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG659;TP311.5

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