不均匀性:非晶合金的灵魂

发布时间：2018-03-17 23:03

本文选题：非晶合金　切入点：不均匀性　出处：《物理学报》2017年17期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：非晶合金,即金属玻璃,是一类特殊的由基本化学元素组成的非晶态物质,由于其独特的微观组织结构,展现出了不同于传统晶态合金材料的特殊物性,而成为高性能材料应用领域的重要一员.由于非晶合金的结构无序性,且当前精确表征其微观结构的实验手段缺乏,相应的理论模型也不完善,人们对非晶合金中一些基础物理问题的认识尚且不足,无法形成基本的理论框架来精确地描述其物性产生的微观机理.因而,当前非晶合金研究的核心问题可以概括为:如何建立以微观特征或结构为基础的基本理论框架,准确地概括非晶合金物性的微观机理.在过去几十年里,针对非晶合金的大量研究表明,在非晶合金长程无序的特征中,隐藏着本征的不均匀性和有序,且这些不均匀性的特征与材料物性有着密切的关联,使得建立以不均匀性特征为基础的理论框架成为可能.本文从非晶合金微观特征的不均匀性包括静态不均匀性和动态不均匀性的视角出发,概括性地总结了非晶合金材料与物理研究中取得的丰硕成果,及当前需要关注的重要科学问题,并针对未来可能的研究模式进行了展望.
[Abstract]:Amorphous alloy, that is, metallic glass, is a special kind of amorphous material composed of basic chemical elements. Because of its unique microstructure, it exhibits special physical properties different from traditional crystalline alloy materials. Due to the disordered structure of amorphous alloys and the lack of experimental means to characterize their microstructure accurately, the corresponding theoretical models are not perfect. Some basic physical problems in amorphous alloys are not well understood, and they are unable to form a basic theoretical framework to accurately describe the microscopic mechanism of their physical properties. The core problems in the current study of amorphous alloys can be summarized as follows: how to establish a basic theoretical framework based on microcosmic characteristics or structures and accurately summarize the microscopic mechanism of the physical properties of amorphous alloys. A large number of studies on amorphous alloys show that the intrinsic heterogeneity and order are hidden in the long range disorder of amorphous alloys, and the characteristics of these inhomogeneity are closely related to the physical properties of materials. It is possible to establish a theoretical framework based on the characteristics of inhomogeneity. In this paper, from the point of view of the inhomogeneity of the microscopic characteristics of amorphous alloys, including static inhomogeneity and dynamic inhomogeneity, In this paper, the abundant achievements in the research of amorphous alloy materials and physics, and the important scientific problems that need to be paid attention to are summarized. The possible research models in the future are prospected.
【作者单位】：北京计算科学研究中心;中国科学院物理研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(批准号:51571011,U5130401) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2015CB856800)资助的课题~~
【分类号】：TG139.8

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