基于加工中心的螺旋锥齿轮加工方法研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 04:55

本文选题：螺旋锥齿轮　切入点：数控加工中心　出处：《重庆理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：螺旋锥齿轮适用于非平行轴之间的传动,具有重叠系数高、结构紧凑、承载能力强、传动平稳、可以实现较大的传动比传动等优势,因此被广泛的应用于汽车、航空航天、舰船、石油钻探、矿山机械、重载武器等领域。目前螺旋锥齿轮的加工主要是在数控铣齿机上完成的,因为受铣齿机结构尺寸以及齿轮安装条件的制约难以实现大规格的螺旋锥齿轮加工,此外全数控铣齿机价格昂贵,在加工小批量螺旋锥齿轮时,机床开机率严重不足且长时间处于闲置状态,因此选用全数控铣齿机加工较大规格以及小批量的螺旋锥齿轮成本较高。为了弥补全数控铣齿机的不足,本文基于数控加工中心研究螺旋锥齿轮的加工方法来解决大规格与小批量螺旋锥齿轮的加工制造问题,该加工方法摆脱了专用加工机床、专用夹具、专用刀具的限制,而且在数控加工中心上可以实现多种齿制与不同规格的螺旋锥齿轮加工。该方法很在大程度上降低了螺旋锥齿轮的加工成本,简化了螺旋锥齿轮的加工工艺,同时也增大了数控加工机床的柔性。本文通过对螺旋锥齿轮传统加工方法与加工工艺的分析,基于加工中心对螺旋锥齿轮加工方法的研究工作如下:1.通过对螺旋锥齿轮传统切齿方法的分析推导出齿面方程,在此基础之上研究螺旋锥齿轮三维几何模型的构建方法。2.根据已建立的齿轮模型,在数控加工中心上进行盘状铣刀、柱状铣刀以及球状铣刀三种刀具轨迹计算,刀具轨迹计算主要包括:刀具轨迹生成方法、走刀步长与切削带宽计算方法、刀轴矢量控制方法以及加工干涉处理方法。3.针对数控加工机床的结构与机床控制系统指令进行后置处理运算,并生成相应机床能够执行的NC代码。4.基于Open CASCADE开放的软件平台编写螺旋锥齿轮加工程序生成软件,该软件主要有齿轮建模模块、齿面分析模块、刀具轨迹规划模块和加工程序生成模块组成,实现了软件的模块化与对象化。5.在VERICUT仿真软件中进行齿轮切削运动仿真来验证加工方法与软件编写的正确性,最后基于DMU60五轴数控加工中心进行实际加工实验。
[Abstract]:Spiral bevel gear is suitable for transmission between non-parallel shafts. It has high overlap coefficient, compact structure, strong bearing capacity, stable transmission, and can realize the advantages of large transmission ratio, so it is widely used in automobile, aerospace, and so on. Ship, oil drilling, mining machinery, heavy duty weapon, etc. At present, the machining of spiral bevel gear is mainly completed on the CNC gear milling machine. Because it is difficult to realize the machining of large size spiral bevel gear because of the restriction of milling machine's structure size and gear installation condition, besides, the price of full numerical control gear milling machine is expensive, when machining small batch spiral bevel gear, The machine tool has a serious shortage of start-up rate and is idle for a long time, so the cost of machining large size and small batch spiral bevel gear with full numerical control milling machine is high, in order to make up for the shortage of full numerical control gear milling machine, In this paper, the machining method of spiral bevel gear based on NC machining center is studied to solve the problem of machining large size and small batch spiral bevel gear. Moreover, many kinds of spiral bevel gears with different specifications can be machined in NC machining center. This method can greatly reduce the machining cost of spiral bevel gears and simplify the processing technology of spiral bevel gears. At the same time, it also increases the flexibility of NC machining machine. This paper analyzes the traditional machining method and processing technology of spiral bevel gear. The research work of spiral bevel gear machining method based on machining center is as follows: 1. Through the analysis of the traditional tooth cutting method of spiral bevel gear, the tooth surface equation is derived. On this basis, the method of constructing 3D geometric model of spiral bevel gear is studied. According to the established gear model, three kinds of tool paths are calculated on NC machining center, such as disc milling cutter, cylindrical milling cutter and ball milling cutter. Tool path calculation mainly includes: tool path generation method, tool walking step size and cutting bandwidth calculation method, Tool shaft vector control method and machining interference processing method .3.The post processing operation is carried out according to the structure of NC machine tool and the command of machine tool control system. NC code. 4. Based on the open software platform of Open CASCADE, the generating software of spiral bevel gear machining program is compiled. The software includes gear modeling module, tooth surface analysis module, and so on. The tool path planning module and the machining program generation module are made up, and the modularization and objectification of the software are realized. The gear cutting motion simulation is carried out in the VERICUT simulation software to verify the correctness of the machining method and the software programming. Finally, based on DMU60 five-axis NC machining center, the actual machining experiment is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG61

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