小孔的微细切削加工研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 18:46

本文选题：有限元仿真　切入点：微细钻孔　出处：《山东理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着科学技术的不断进步与发展,在航空航天、国防、电子工业等领域,精密小孔的应用越来越广泛,特别是针对某些精密机械零部件的场合。对精密小孔的加工制造质量要求方面,已经引起了人们非常大的重视。目前,微细切削加工技术仍然是微细加工制造领域的主要加工方法,这与其经济性好、效率高和耗能少等特点是密不可分的,并且微细切削加工可以实现几十微米到毫米尺寸的复杂三维结构、曲面特征的小型零件与装置的加工。因此对于精密小孔的机械应用,也可以利用微细切削加工的这种方法来进行加工与制造。本文针对精密小孔的微细切削加工,通过微细钻孔与微细螺旋铣孔两种不同的加工方式,分别对其进行建模仿真并进行切削试验,研究两种不同的加工工艺方式下达到最小未变形切屑厚度时的临界切削参数。对小孔微细切削中切屑的形成、切削力、毛刺进行分析,得到微细切削小孔时较优的加工方式与切削参数。首先,对微细钻孔与微细螺旋铣孔两种加工方式分别进行有限元建模及仿真。根据微细切削小孔的要求,对微细钻孔与微细螺旋铣孔两种加工方式的切削参数、切屑形貌、切削特征进行初步的分析研究。建立合理的微细切削刀具与工件的有限元配合模型,对微细钻孔与微细螺旋铣孔中的切削参数进行不同的取值,运用Deform-3D有限元仿真软件分别对其进行仿真。从切屑的形成与切削力方面对仿真进行了分析研究,找到仿真中达到最小未变形切屑厚度时的临界切削参数。其次,对微细钻孔与微细螺旋铣孔两种加工方式分别进行微细切削试验。基于上述仿真研究,分别选取合理的切削参数、加工设备与刀具,并进行小孔的微细切削试验。确定两种加工工艺方式下,达到最小未变形切屑厚度时的临界切削参数,进而验证了上述仿真研究的可靠性与合理性。通过两种加工方式的对比研究,得到微细切削小孔时较优的加工方式。基于上述仿真与试验研究,最后进行微细切削小孔优化试验。通过利用多因素正交试验法,分别对不同的微细切削参数进行合理取值并组合,对研究材料进行多次小孔的微细切削试验。通过对试验结果分析,包括切削力、制孔毛刺宽度,从而得到优化后的切削参数组合。通过对微细切削试验总结,为后续精密小孔的微细切削加工提供了一定的参考依据与研究基础。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous progress and development of science and technology, in aerospace, national defense, electronic industry and other fields, the application of precision holes is becoming more and more extensive, especially for some precision mechanical parts.The quality requirements of machining and manufacturing of precision holes have attracted great attention.At present, micro-machining technology is still the main processing method in the field of micro-machining manufacturing, which is inseparable from its characteristics of good economy, high efficiency and less energy consumption.And micro machining can realize the machining of small parts and devices with complex three-dimensional structure and surface features of tens of microns to millimeters.Therefore, for the mechanical application of precision holes, we can also use the method of micro-cutting to process and manufacture.In this paper, according to the micro machining of the precision hole, through the two different machining methods of micro hole drilling and micro spiral milling hole, the modeling, simulation and cutting test are carried out respectively.The critical cutting parameters of two different machining processes are studied when the minimum thickness of undeformed chip is obtained.The chip formation, cutting force and burr in micromachining are analyzed, and the optimum machining methods and cutting parameters are obtained.Firstly, the finite element modeling and simulation of micro-drilling and micro-spiral milling are carried out.According to the requirement of micromachining, the cutting parameters, chip morphology and cutting characteristics of two machining methods, micro-drilling and micro-spiral milling, are analyzed and studied preliminarily.A reasonable finite element model of micro cutting tool and workpiece is established, and the cutting parameters in micro drilling and micro spiral milling hole are obtained by different values, and simulated by Deform-3D finite element simulation software.The critical cutting parameters when the minimum thickness of undeformed chip is reached in the simulation are analyzed and studied in terms of chip formation and cutting force.Secondly, two kinds of machining methods, micro-drilling and micro-spiral milling, are tested respectively.Based on the above simulation research, reasonable cutting parameters, machining equipment and cutting tools were selected, and micro cutting experiments of small holes were carried out.The critical cutting parameters are determined when the minimum thickness of undeformed chip is reached under two machining processes, and the reliability and reasonableness of the simulation are verified.Through the comparative study of two kinds of machining methods, the better machining method of micro-cutting holes is obtained.Based on the above simulation and experimental research, the optimization test of micro-cutting holes is carried out.By using the method of multi-factor orthogonal test, the different parameters of micro-cutting were selected and combined reasonably, and the micro-cutting experiments of many small holes were carried out on the materials studied.By analyzing the experimental results, including cutting force and burr width, the optimized cutting parameters are obtained.Through the summary of micro cutting experiments, it provides a certain reference basis and research basis for the follow-up micro machining of small holes.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG506

【参考文献】