从生物能量学和生物电化学角度研究金属微生物腐蚀的机理

发布时间：2018-04-07 18:04

本文选题：材料失效与保护　切入点：微生物腐蚀　出处：《材料研究学报》2016年03期

【摘要】：人类认知由微生物导致的金属腐蚀现象距今已有一个多世纪的历史。最近20年,微生物腐蚀(Microbiologically influenced corrosion,MIC)已成为金属腐蚀的一个研究热点。因为缺乏对MIC机理的深入了解和认识,人们甚至认为MIC是腐蚀领域中的一个"谜"。因此,迫切需要了解MIC的发生机理。最新的研究结果表明,金属的微生物腐蚀在本质上是一个生物电化学过程。在微生物与金属并存的环境中,当电子供体(如碳源)不存在或消耗掉之后,微生物用金属代替碳源获取电子,导致金属发生微生物腐蚀。另外一种腐蚀机理是,微生物的代谢产物(比如有机酸)导致金属腐蚀。腐蚀是一个能量释放的反应过程,微生物通过腐蚀金属得到维持其生命所必需的能量。目前,电化学方法已应用于微生物金属腐蚀研究,学者们提出了诸如"阴极去极化"等经典理论。但单纯从电化学角度研究微生物腐蚀金属可能得到一些片面的结论。随着对这一领域研究的不断深入人们认识到必须结合生物能量学以及生物电化学方面的知识,以更好地理解微生物影响金属腐蚀的进程。本文总结这方面的最新研究进展,并着重介绍"生物催化阴极还原"理论(Biocatalytic cathodic sulfate reduction,BCSR)和"电化学微生物腐蚀"理论(Electrical microbial influenced corrosion,EMIC)等最新的金属微生物腐蚀机理。本文主要从生物能量学和生物电化学方面介绍金属微生物腐蚀机理研究,这是目前国际上一种新的研究方法和思路。BCSR就是依据这一思路解释了微生物为什么和怎样腐蚀金属这一MIC研究领域中的这一难题。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of metal corrosion caused by microorganisms has been recognized by human beings for more than a century.In the last 20 years, microbiologically influenced corrosionMICM has become a hotspot in metal corrosion.Because of the lack of in-depth understanding of the mechanism of MIC, MIC is even considered to be a "mystery" in the field of corrosion.Therefore, it is urgent to understand the mechanism of MIC.Recent results suggest that microbial corrosion of metals is essentially a bioelectrochemical process.In the co-existing environment of microorganism and metal, when the electron donor (such as carbon source) does not exist or consume, the microorganism uses the metal instead of the carbon source to obtain the electron, which leads to the microbial corrosion of the metal.Another corrosion mechanism is that the metabolites of microorganisms, such as organic acids, cause metal corrosion.Corrosion is an energy-releasing reaction in which microorganisms get the energy necessary to sustain their lives by eroding metals.At present, electrochemical methods have been applied to the study of microbial metal corrosion, and some classical theories such as cathodic depolarization have been proposed.However, it may be possible to obtain some one-sided conclusions in the study of microbial corrosion metals from the perspective of electrochemistry.With the deepening of the research in this field, it is necessary to combine the knowledge of bioenergy and bioelectrochemistry to better understand the process of microbes affecting metal corrosion.In this paper, the latest research progress in this field is summarized, and the recent mechanisms of metal microbial corrosion, such as Biocatalytic cathodic sulfate reduction theory and Electrical microbial influenced corrosion theory, are introduced.In this paper, the corrosion mechanism of metal microorganism is introduced from the aspects of bioenergy and bioelectrochemistry.This is a new international research method and thinking. BCSR is based on this idea to explain why and how microbes corrode metals, a difficult problem in the field of MIC research.
【作者单位】：辽宁大学化学院;中国科学院金属研究所;华中科技大学化学与化工学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金51501203 中国科学院金属研究所所优秀学者支持资助项目~~
【分类号】：TG172.7

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