数控机床转台三维公差分析与优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 18:37

本文选题：机床转台 + 公差模型　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在全球竞争形势下,产品的更新速度逐渐加快,计算机辅助技术CAD/CAE已经发展的相当成熟。通过利用这些相关软件,在机械机构设计及分析方面已经取得长足的发展。但是三维公差设计仍然处在比较落后的阶段。传统公差分配仅依靠经验进行设计导致产品设计周期长,设计成本增加同时达不到设计要求。因此计算机辅助公差技术也就成为解决该问题的关键一环。本课题来自昆明某机床厂重大科技资助项目:研究对象为卧式数控机床转台,转台是机床重要组成部分,主要用于支撑工件进行前后和圆周进给运动。转台是机床的关键性部件,具有结构复杂,零件组成繁多等特点。该部件工作精度直接影响机床零件加工精度。工作人员对机床的转台进行测试过程中发现,同一批次的转台在转动的过程当中总会有一些不确定因素导致某些转台转动过程出现抖动的现象。针对出现的问题,研发人员进行了一系列的排查,排除电动机输出功率不稳、产品质量、控制系统及安装等可能引起抖动的因素。根据用户的使用反馈,转台的机构强度、刚度及使用性能已经满足客户的要求,但是转台的工作的稳定性需要进一步的提高。综合多方信息,认为在转台零件的公差设计初始环节可能出现了问题。因此需要对产品的设计公差进行分析。本文进行以下研究:(1)查阅学习公差分析的相关理论知识,比较传统公差分析与三维公差分析优劣,确定利用三维公差分析对数控机床转台公差进行分析。(2)学习掌握三维公差分析公差表示方法理论、矢量环建模理论、公差分析理论。(3)根据公差分析理论结合转台实际问题,运用三维公差软件进行公差模型搭建及分析工作,得到装配尺寸分析结果及相关贡献度、敏感度分析结果,为接下来的公差优化工作提供理论支撑和方向。(4)运用公差优化理论,结合转台三维公差相关分析结果,借助优化平台OPTIMUS进行公差优化并对比优化前公差分析结果,得出公差优化的必要性。(5)综合考虑实际工作情况下外力对转台装配的影响,运用有限元分析外力作用产生的变形对于装配的影响及重力作用对装配的影响,使得公差分析更具实际意义。本文结合数控机床转台实际问题,运用三维公差分析及优化理论对转台的装配进行评估优化工作同时结合实际情况考虑外部因素对装配的影响。结果表明通过上述优化,转台的装配精度及装配质量相对于优化前有了很大提高。同时本次研究也为其他相似产品的公差优化提供了参考。
[Abstract]:In the global competition, the product renewal speed gradually accelerated, computer aided technology CAD/CAE has developed quite mature. Through the use of these software, considerable progress has been made in the design and analysis of mechanical mechanism. But 3D tolerance design is still in the relatively backward stage. Only rely on the experience of traditional tolerance design led products the design cycle is long, the design cost increase and reach the design requirements. Therefore, computer aided tolerance technology has become a key link to solve the problem. This thesis comes from the major science and technology projects funded by the Kunming machine tool factory: the object of study for horizontal lathe turntable, turntable is an important part of the machine tool, mainly used before and after the circular feed movement of the workpiece support. Turntable is the key parts of the machine, has a complex structure, various parts of the component working characteristics. Precision directly affects machining accuracy of machine tool. The staff of the machine tool turret is found during the test, the same batch of turntable in the process of turning there will always be some uncertain factors lead to some jitter phenomenon of turntable rotating process. According to the problems in the investigation of a series of R & D personnel, excluding motor output power unstable product quality factors, control system and installation may cause jitter. According to the user's feedback mechanism, strength turntable, stiffness and performance has to meet customer requirements, but further to improve stability turntable work. Comprehensive information, there is a problem that may be in the initial design tolerances link table parts. So it is necessary to analyze the product design tolerance. This paper carried out the following studies: (1) access to relevant physical learning tolerance analysis Compared with the traditional theory, tolerance analysis and tolerance analysis to determine the three-dimensional quality analysis of CNC machine is analyzed with 3D tolerance tolerance table. (2) learn 3D tolerance analysis and tolerance representation theory, vector loop modeling theory, the theory of tolerance analysis. (3) according to the tolerance analysis theory combined with the practical problems of tolerance model of turntable. Build and analysis using 3D tolerance software, get assembly dimension analysis and contribution, the results of the sensitivity analysis, for the next work to provide theoretical support and tolerance optimization direction. (4) the use of tolerance optimization theory, combined with the turntable correlation analysis results of 3D tolerance, with the help of the optimization platform OPTIMUS tolerance optimization and analysis results compared to the previous tolerance optimization, the necessity of tolerance optimization. (5) considering the influence of external force on the turntable assembly under actual working conditions, using finite element analysis The force deformation effect on the assembly and the effect of gravity on the assembly, the tolerance analysis has more practical significance. This paper combines CNC Table problems, using three dimensional tolerance analysis and optimization theory to evaluate the optimization work and combining with the actual situation in consideration of the influence of external factors on the assembly of the turntable assembly. The results showed that the optimization of assembly precision turntable and assembly quality than before optimization has been greatly improved. At the same time this study also for the optimization of tolerance other similar products to provide a reference.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG801;TG659

【参考文献】