基于计算机仿真的喷丝板底孔全CNC加工技术的研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 02:06

本文选题：喷丝板 + 底孔　；参考：《河南工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为纺机的关键核心零部件——喷丝板底孔的的孔型、结构、加工精度以及加工质量直接决定着化学纤维的生产质量。喷丝板属于高精密机械产品,每一个工序都有着非常高的要求,喷丝板的底孔深度和直径的比值大,又是盲孔加工,且是典型大深径比微小孔,值得注意的是,喷丝板加工生产80%以上的工时被用于孔道的加工。目前,国内的喷丝板底孔加工方式是先利用麻花钻粗加工,后利用扁钻进行孔底的铰削;人工加工存在以下问题:对心不准(主要是刀具与底孔)、钻屑的排放与堆积、刀具折断与磨损。如果要进行喷丝板底孔的CNC加工,必须要对加工过程中的刀具、钻削工艺进行在线检测,可以实时监控和反馈并及时进行修正,并且进一步开发出多种功能集成于一体的全自动化在线检测设备。本论文通过文献分析和资料调查等手段研究了喷丝板底孔加工技术在国内外的发展现状,提出了本论文的研究方法和研究内容,并着重研究了精钻的各种参数及其优化、扁钻设计参数优化、磨削优化以及喷丝板底孔刀具的检测。首先,在喷丝板底孔精钻加工方面,本论文通过具体的试验,从切削速度、进给量以及背吃刀量三个具体的参数来分析其对切削力和扭矩的影响;并通过试验得出,主轴转速保持在一定的转速范围内,硬质合金制造的麻花钻钻孔数量远远高于高速钢钻头;对于精钻结束后,留底厚不统一的问题,本论文提出采用数控程序暂停方法保证统一留底厚。其次,本论文利用建模软件对刀具和工件进行建模,采用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对扁钻加工进行了计算机仿真,重点对比了切削力和扭矩在不同工艺参数下的变化情况,从而为扁钻切削工艺参数的确定提供了参考和理论依据;对扁钻的磨削加工过程工艺参数进行了研究。对扁钻的不对称性进行分析,提出了一种新的磨削工艺,发挥出了高精度磨床的功能,对于提高扁钻的一致性以及扁钻的优化设计提供了强大的理论支持。此外,实验发现扁钻的前刀面的粗糙度对加工有比较明显的影响,在实验基础上选择了性价比最好的砂轮。最后,本文创造性地设计了一种专门用于喷丝板微孔刀具检测的光、机、电一体化的全自动检测设备。该检测仪通过运动控制卡、四轴联动精密平台以及电机等设计了检测仪的运动系统,并根据刀具的位置偏差进行刀具的自动走位;利用图像采集卡、CCD、工业镜头和光源等设计了喷丝板微孔刀具检测仪的图像采集系统;并设计了微孔刀具工作状况的检测软件。对各种不同种类的喷丝板微孔刀具的实际检测实验表明,该控制系统具有运行可靠、系统稳定、检测速度高的优点,检测长度精度可达±1μm,检测角度精度可达±0.5°。喷丝板微孔刀具检测仪可以在实际生产中代替人工检测,大大缓解了检测人员的工作压力,提高了检测效率和检测精度,保证了微孔刀具的质量和一致性。
[Abstract]:As the key component of spinning machine, the hole shape, structure, machining precision and machining quality of spinneret directly determine the production quality of chemical fiber. Spinneret is a kind of high precision mechanical product, every working procedure has very high requirements, the ratio of bottom hole depth to diameter of spinneret is large, it is also blind hole processing, and it is typical of large depth to diameter ratio tiny hole, it is worth noting that, More than 80% of the working hours of spinneret processing are used for the processing of holes. At present, the domestic machining method of the bottom hole of spinneret is to use the twist drill first and then the flat drill to refocus the bottom of the hole, and the following problems exist in manual machining: inaccuracy of center (mainly tools and bottom holes, discharge and accumulation of drilling chips, etc.) Tool breakage and wear. If the CNC machining of the bottom hole of the spinneret is to be carried out, the cutting tool and drilling process must be tested online, which can be monitored and feedback in real time and corrected in time. And further develop a variety of functions integrated in one of the full automatic online detection equipment. By means of literature analysis and data investigation, this paper studies the development status of spinneret bottom hole processing technology at home and abroad, puts forward the research methods and contents of this paper, and emphatically studies various parameters of fine drilling and its optimization. Flat drill design parameters optimization, grinding optimization and spinneret bottom hole tool detection. First of all, in the spinneret bottom hole precision drilling, this paper through the specific test, from the cutting speed, the feed rate and the back feed knife quantity three specific parameters to analyze its influence on the cutting force and the torque; If the spindle speed is kept within a certain speed range, the number of twist drills made by cemented carbide is much higher than that of high speed steel drill bits. In this paper, the method of NC program suspension is proposed to ensure uniform bottom thickness. Secondly, this paper uses the modeling software to model the tool and the workpiece, uses the Deform-3D finite element analysis software to carry on the computer simulation to the flat drill machining, emphatically contrasts the cutting force and the torque under the different craft parameter change situation. It provides a reference and theoretical basis for the determination of cutting parameters of flat drill, and studies the technological parameters of grinding process of flat drill. Based on the analysis of the asymmetry of flat drill, a new grinding technology is put forward, which brings into play the function of high precision grinder and provides a powerful theoretical support for improving the consistency of flat drill and optimizing the design of flat drill. In addition, it is found that the roughness of the front face of flat drill has obvious influence on machining. On the basis of the experiment, the grinding wheel with the best ratio of performance and price has been selected. Finally, this paper creatively designs a kind of automatic detecting equipment which is specially used for the inspection of spinneret microhole tool. The motion system of the tester is designed by motion control card, four-axis linkage precision platform and motor, and the tool's automatic position is carried out according to the position deviation of the tool. The image acquisition system of spinneret microhole tool detector is designed by using image acquisition card (CCD), industrial lens and light source, and the software is designed to detect the working condition of microhole cutter. The experimental results of various kinds of spinneret microhole cutting tools show that the control system has the advantages of reliable operation, stable system and high detection speed. The accuracy of length and angle can reach 卤1 渭 m and 卤0.5 掳respectively. The testing instrument of spinneret microhole tool can replace manual inspection in actual production, which greatly alleviates the working pressure of the tester, improves the detection efficiency and accuracy, and ensures the quality and consistency of the micro-hole tool.
【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659;TQ340.5

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