电火花机床主轴头的模态分析与减振设计

发布时间：2018-04-26 17:15

本文选题：机床 + 模态分析　；参考：《振动.测试与诊断》2017年05期

【摘要】：针对某机床厂生产的SH50电火花机床在实际工作中主轴头振动较大的问题,通过实验测试和有限元仿真相结合的方法,分析了主轴头的模态特性,并通过测试主轴头的工作振型(operating deflection shapes,简称ODS),找出了主轴头实际工作中的薄弱环节。理论模态、实验模态和ODS三种结果相互印证,增加了有限元模型的可信度,并以此模型为基础对主轴头进行了减振设计。模态实验中改进了传统模态实验依靠经验选取测点或均匀布点时,对经验高度依赖且实验效率较低的弊端,采用有效独立法和模态置信度(modal assurance criterion,简称MAC)矩阵相结合的方法,实验前先进行测点优化,然后根据优化结果布置传感器和力锤位置,提高了模态实验的精度和效率。结果显示,在主轴头结构上增加一个背板,能够提高主轴头频率,远离工作频率的共振范围,起到减振的目的。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problem that the vibration of the spindle head of the SH50 EDM produced by a machine tool factory is large in practice, the modal characteristics of the spindle head are analyzed by means of the combination of experimental test and finite element simulation. By testing the working mode of spindle head, operating deflection shapeses, the weak links in the actual work of spindle head are found out. The results of theoretical modal, experimental mode and ODS are verified each other, which increases the reliability of the finite element model. Based on the model, the vibration absorption of the spindle head is designed. In modal experiment, the disadvantages of high dependence on experience and low efficiency of experiment are improved when the traditional modal experiment depends on experience to select measuring points or uniform points. The effective independent method is combined with the modal confidence degree modal assurance criterion matrix (Marc) matrix. The measurement points are optimized before the experiment, and then the sensor and force hammer positions are arranged according to the optimized results, which improves the accuracy and efficiency of the modal experiment. The results show that adding a backplane to the structure of the spindle head can increase the frequency of the spindle head, far from the resonance range of the working frequency, and play the purpose of reducing vibration.
【作者单位】：北京工业大学先进制造技术北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：国家科技重大专项基金资助项目(2012ZX04010021-001-004)
【分类号】：TG661

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