机床典型零件加工过程碳排放建模与工艺参数优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 17:51

本文选题：低碳制造 + 全生命周期　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对日益加剧的资源环境问题,低碳制造受到人们的广泛关注。制造业是国民经济发展的支柱产业,但是同时制造业也是造成我国工业领域能源消耗与碳排放激增的主要源头。面对我国制造业现状,如何减少制造过程中的能耗、碳排放,探索出一条低碳制造可持续发展之路是我国制造业的必然选择。本文对典型机床零部件的碳排放进行分析,逐步考虑机床零部件的生产加工过程的碳排放,再具体到全生命周期过程的碳排放,并具体针对于磨削工序进行了分析,最后通过工序优选和加工工艺参数优化,有效地减少碳排放量。首先,本文介绍了课题的研究背景和意义,对国内外低碳制造、低碳加工工艺参数优化等研究现状进行了综述。接着对本课题的主要研究内容和论文构架进行了描述。分析了包括零部件毛坯生产工艺、热处理工艺以及机械加工工艺的整个生产加工过程碳排放情况,建立了基于物料流、能量流、环境排放流的碳排放量化模型,可用于识别和分析各个阶段的碳排放情况。结合某凸轮轴磨床的主轴套筒的生产加工全过程进行了碳排放的验证和估算;基于碳排放量对主轴套筒的加工工艺方案进行低碳规划,通过工序优选可以有效地降低生产加工过程的碳排放量。分析了机床关键零部件的全生命周期过程及其关键碳排放环节,分析了机床零部件生产阶段、加工阶段、使用阶段、回收处理阶段、运输阶段的碳排放情况,提出了基于产品生命周期的碳排放系统运行模型。分析了磨削加工工艺的碳排放情况,通过对能耗、材料消耗、砂轮损耗和磨削液消耗所产生的碳排放进行了量化分析,提出了以去除单位体积所产生的碳排放量为碳效率的低碳制造综合评价指标,并以主轴的磨削工艺为例进行实验验证。最后通过建立的碳效率模型,结合加工时间模型,基于遗传算法建立了一种以碳效率最优、加工时间最短为目标的低碳磨削工艺参数优化模型,以磨削深度,进给速度、砂轮线速度为优化变量,基于正交试验法的分析结果验证了模型的可行性,实现了相关磨削工艺参数的优化,缩短了加工时间,提高了碳效率。
[Abstract]:Faced with the increasing problem of resources and environment, low-carbon manufacturing has been paid more and more attention. Manufacturing industry is the mainstay industry of national economy development, but at the same time, manufacturing industry is also the main source of energy consumption and carbon emission surge in China's industrial field. Facing the present situation of our manufacturing industry, how to reduce the energy consumption and carbon emission in the manufacturing process and explore a sustainable development road of low-carbon manufacturing is the inevitable choice of our manufacturing industry. In this paper, the carbon emission of typical machine tool parts is analyzed, and the carbon emission of machining process is considered step by step, and then the carbon emission of the whole life cycle process is analyzed, and the grinding process is analyzed concretely. Finally, carbon emissions are effectively reduced by optimizing process selection and processing parameters. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and significance of the subject, and summarizes the research status of low carbon manufacturing, low carbon processing process parameters optimization and so on at home and abroad. Then the main research content and the structure of the thesis are described. The carbon emission from the whole production process including parts blank production process, heat treatment process and mechanical processing process is analyzed, and a carbon emission model based on material flow, energy flow and environmental emission flow is established. Can be used to identify and analyze carbon emissions at all stages. Combined with the whole process of production and processing of the spindle sleeve of a camshaft grinder, the carbon emission was verified and estimated, and the low carbon planning of the processing process of the spindle sleeve was carried out based on the carbon emission. The carbon emission from the process can be effectively reduced by process optimization. This paper analyzes the whole life cycle process of the key parts of machine tools and its key carbon emission links, and analyzes the carbon emissions of machine tool parts in the production, processing, use, recovery and handling stages, as well as in the transportation stages. The operating model of carbon emission system based on product life cycle is proposed. The carbon emission from grinding process is analyzed, and the carbon emissions caused by energy consumption, material consumption, grinding wheel loss and grinding fluid consumption are analyzed quantitatively. A comprehensive evaluation index for low carbon manufacturing is proposed, which takes the carbon emissions from unit volume removal as the carbon efficiency index. The grinding process of the spindle is taken as an example to verify the results. Finally, based on the carbon efficiency model and machining time model, a low carbon grinding process parameter optimization model is established based on genetic algorithm, which aims at the best carbon efficiency and the shortest processing time, which is based on the grinding depth and feed speed. The linear speed of grinding wheel is the optimal variable. The analysis results based on orthogonal test verify the feasibility of the model, realize the optimization of grinding parameters, shorten the processing time and improve the carbon efficiency.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG502.6

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