淹没式磨料水射流切割装置设计及实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-01 08:00

本文选题：开孔装置 + 正交实验　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：磨料水射流切割技术是在高压纯水射流中添加一定量的磨料颗粒来提高纯水射流切割能力的一项新技术。随着海洋资源的开发与利用,海上遇难船舶的数量越来越多。海底沉船表面破拆和垢物清除任务增多,传统的切割方式很难在海底中应用,因此磨料水射流凭借其在海水中较强的切割能力在打捞领域有着广泛的应用。复杂的海洋环境,对磨料水射流的切割装置提出了更高的要求。本文的主要目标是设计一款能在100米以内的海水中进行沉船表面开孔的装置并进行性能试验研究。本文对磨料水射流的切割冲蚀机理进行研究。在磨料水射流的切割过程中,产生切深的主要原因是磨料颗粒对工件材料的冲击和磨削作用。淹没环境下,射流的速度随着距离的增加而逐渐减弱。通过Fluent仿真研究100米海深条件下围压对磨料水射流的影响,然后在实验室条件下进行正交实验,研究分析了不同切割参数对淹没式磨料水射流切割能力的影响。仿真与实验相结合,得出对切割能力影响较大的几个参数依次是喷嘴孔径、切割喷头转速、泵压等。确定了淹没式磨料水射流切割的最佳切割参数,使切割效率大大提高,为淹没式磨料水射流切割的应用奠定了基础。设计了一款可在100米水深工作的开孔装置。基于效率优化得到的切割参数进行装置的结构设计,装置采用电机驱动、齿轮传动的结构,能够在水下稳定工作,达到预期的工作要求。装置采用强磁底座作为吸附结构,可稳定地吸附在船体表面。水下开孔实验首先研究了不同长度的高压软管对开孔装置切割能力的影响;其次分析了射流在不同长度、内径的管路中的能量损失情况;最后通过水下钢板开孔试验,对厚度为30 mm的钢板进行切割,成功切割出直径150 mm的圆形钢板。切割次数不同对磨料水射流切割有一定影响,多次切割时切深可以在之前的基础上进行累加,开孔实验也验证了效率优化中的最佳切割参数可以提高淹没式磨料水射流切割效率的结论。
[Abstract]:Abrasive water jet cutting technology is a new technology to improve the cutting ability of pure water jet by adding a certain amount of abrasive particles to the high pressure pure water jet. With the development and utilization of marine resources, there are more and more ships in distress at sea. The task of surface breaking and removing dirt of submarine sunken ship is increasing, and the traditional cutting method is difficult to be used in seabed. Therefore, abrasive water jet has been widely used in the fishing field by virtue of its strong cutting ability in sea water. The complex marine environment puts forward higher requirements for abrasive water jet cutting device. The main goal of this paper is to design a device which can open holes on the surface of sunken ship in sea water less than 100 meters and study its performance. In this paper, the cutting erosion mechanism of abrasive water jet is studied. In the cutting process of abrasive water jet, the main reason of cutting depth is the impact of abrasive particles on workpiece material and grinding action. In submerged environment, the velocity of jet decreases with the increase of distance. The influence of confining pressure on abrasive water jet under 100m sea depth was studied by Fluent simulation. Then orthogonal experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions to study the influence of different cutting parameters on the cutting ability of submerged abrasive water jet. Combining simulation with experiment, several parameters which have great influence on cutting ability are obtained, such as nozzle aperture, cutting nozzle speed, pump pressure and so on. The optimum cutting parameters of submerged abrasive water jet cutting are determined, and the cutting efficiency is greatly improved, which lays a foundation for the application of submerged abrasive water jet cutting. A hole opening device is designed to work at a depth of 100 meters. The structure of the device is designed based on the cutting parameters obtained by efficiency optimization. The device adopts the structure of motor drive and gear transmission, which can work stably under water and meet the expected working requirements. The device adopts strong magnetic base as adsorption structure and can be stably adsorbed on the hull surface. The influence of high pressure hose of different length on the cutting ability of the perforating device is studied firstly. Secondly, the energy loss of the jet in the pipeline with different length and inner diameter is analyzed. Finally, the perforation test of the underwater steel plate is carried out. The circular steel plate with a diameter of 150 mm was successfully cut by cutting the steel plate with a thickness of 30 mm. Different cutting times have a certain effect on abrasive water jet cutting, and the cutting depth can be accumulated on the basis of the previous cutting. The experimental results also show that the optimum cutting parameters can improve the cutting efficiency of submerged abrasive water jet.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG48

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