小型龙门加工中心结构优化设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 04:39

本文选题：龙门加工中心 + 有限元分析　；参考：《长春工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着航空航天、轨道交通、大型发电设备及高精密仪器仪表等国内高端制造业的迅猛发展,装备制造领域对加工零件的表面质量和几何精度提出了更高的要求,这也促使机床朝着高效率、高速度、高精度方向发展。同时,在激烈的市场竞争中,机床生产厂商也必然要通过控制制造成本,来提高产品优势。然而传统的经验与类比设计等方法已远远不能满足现代制造业的发展需求。因此,在机床的结构设计中引入现代的优化设计生产理念制造出高性能、低成本的机床设备显得尤为重要。本文以XHGS256龙门加工中心为研究对象,目的是寻求一种针对加工中心的高刚度、轻量化的优化设计方法。为此,本文结合龙门加工中心关键零部件及整机的设计与优化问题主要展开了如下研究工作:应用SolidWorks三维设计软件建立了加工中心整机的三维数模,然后利用有限元分析方法获得原立柱及横梁的静动态特性,通过与机床性能指标进行对比分析,进而找出薄弱环节,并从中提取具体数据,为后续的结构优化奠定了基础。针对立柱及横梁关键部件的性能缺陷,采用拓扑优化及尺寸优化相结合的设计方法。利用拓扑优化方法获得了立柱和横梁的概念设计模型,进而对结构进行详细的尺寸优化设计。最后运用有限元方法对优化后的结构进行性能分析,结果表明:新立柱结构质量减少6.16%,最大变形降低38.63%,一阶固有频率提高8.40%;新横梁结构在质量基本不变的情况下,最大变形减少17.69%,一阶固有频率提高29.04%;均满足设计指标要求。最后,为实现加工中心整机的轻量化,本文采用试验设计的方法筛选出了对整机性能影响显著的设计变量,然后运用自适应响应面法实现对加工中心整机静态、动态的多目标尺寸优化设计。最终在满足刀头变形指标的前提下,相比于初始整机结构,1、2阶固有频率分别提高了5.13%和19.64%,整机质量降低16.05%,轻量化效果显著。本文对XHGS256龙门加工中心关键部件的结构优化与整机多目标尺寸优化的工作表明,在机床设计阶段,采用现代的优化设计方法能够有效地提高机床静、动态性能并实现结构的轻量化设计。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of domestic high-end manufacturing industries, such as aerospace, rail transit, large-scale power generation equipment and high-precision instruments, the equipment manufacturing field has put forward higher requirements for the surface quality and geometric accuracy of processed parts. This also promotes the development of machine tool towards high efficiency, high speed and high precision. At the same time, in the fierce market competition, machine tool manufacturers must control manufacturing costs to improve the product advantages. However, the traditional methods such as experience and analogical design can not meet the development needs of modern manufacturing industry. Therefore, it is very important to introduce modern optimal design and production concept into the structural design of machine tools to produce high performance and low cost machine tools. In this paper, XHGS256 gantry machining center is taken as the research object. The purpose of this paper is to seek an optimal design method for high stiffness and lightweight machining center. In this paper, the key parts of the gantry machining center and the design and optimization of the whole machine are studied as follows: the 3D digital model of the machining center is established by using SolidWorks software. Then the static and dynamic characteristics of the original column and beam are obtained by using the finite element analysis method. By comparing with the machine tool performance index, the weak link is found, and the concrete data are extracted from it, which lays a foundation for the subsequent structural optimization. Aiming at the performance defects of the key components of column and beam, the design method combining topology optimization and dimension optimization is adopted. The conceptual design model of column and beam is obtained by using topological optimization method, and then the detailed dimension optimization design of the structure is carried out. Finally, the finite element method is used to analyze the performance of the optimized structure. The results show that the mass of the new column is reduced by 6.16, the maximum deformation is reduced by 38.63, the natural frequency of the first order is increased by 8.40, and the new beam structure is basically unchanged in mass. The maximum deformation is reduced by 17.69 and the natural frequency of the first order is increased by 29.04, all of which meet the design requirements. Finally, in order to realize the lightening of the whole machine in the machining center, the design variables which have a significant effect on the performance of the whole machine are screened out by the method of experimental design, and then the static state of the whole machine is realized by the adaptive response surface method. Dynamic multi-objective size optimization design. Finally, on the premise of satisfying the deformation index of the cutter head, compared with the original structure of the whole machine, the natural frequencies of the second order are increased by 5.13% and 19.64 respectively, the whole machine quality is reduced by 16.05, and the lightening effect is remarkable. In this paper, the structure optimization of the key parts of XHGS256 gantry machining center and the multi-objective dimension optimization of the whole machine show that in the design stage of the machine tool, the modern optimization design method can effectively improve the static state of the machine tool. Dynamic performance and lightweight design of the structure.
【学位授予单位】：长春工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG659

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