重型数控车铣复合静压转台热特性调控关键技术研究及应用

发布时间：2018-05-08 05:31

本文选题：静压转台 + 热特性分析　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：重型数控机床主要为航空航天、船舶工业、汽车制造等机械制造领域加工大型零部件,其性能的优劣直接决定了我国装备制造业的水平。重型数控车铣机床的大自重、重负荷切削特性加之应用复杂环境的特点导致其整机及关键组件的热机理复杂,对加工误差产生较大影响。其中,热变形导致的误差约占总误差的40~70%。静压转台作为重型数控车铣机床的关键部件之一,对其热变形进行有效控制已成为重型机床提高加工精度和机床精度稳定性的关键技术之一。因此,开展重型数控车铣复合静压转台热特性调控关键技术研究及应用对改进和提升重型数控车铣机床加工性能有着重大意义。本文以静压转台的油膜热特性产生机理及其控制技术为研究对象,通过搭建的静压转台实验平台,开展了如下几方面的研究:1.基于流体力学、摩擦学和有限元分析等相关理论,开展了静压转台热特性数值仿真和理论分析。根据试验对象结构参数建立了油垫油膜、工作台几何模型,基于ANASYS Workbench平台开展了不同粘度效应下的油膜发热规律分析,并为选择合适的液压油提供理论依据;通过理论公式推导和有限元数值仿真分析,比较了圆形、扇形油垫油膜的热特性规律,为重型机床静压工作台油垫设计提供技术参考;建立了温度、转速和载荷与转台热变形关系数学模型,为温度控制提供理论参考。2.采用计算机测试技术,结合温度传感器、位移传感器和数据采集卡等相关硬件设备,搭建了重型数控静压转台热特性检测系统。实现了对静压油膜温度、静压转台工作环境温度和工作台热变形的科学测量。并开展热特性试验,测试结果验证了仿真分析方法的正确性和有效性。3.开展了重型数控静压转台温控技术研究。基于ARM开发板编写了的串口传输、数模转换程序;基于LabVIEW开发了STM32串口数据通信、模糊PID自整定算法的温度控制模块。实验测试结果表明了提出的温控策略的有效性和实用性。4.采用SQL Server 2008数据库和VB.NET平台,开发了重型数控静压转台热特性数据管理系统,实现了对复杂热特性实验数据的查询、编辑、处理和管理功能。
[Abstract]:Heavy numerical control machine tools are mainly used to process large parts in the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing and so on. The performance of heavy NC machine tools directly determines the level of our country's equipment manufacturing industry. The heavy weight and heavy load cutting characteristics of heavy NC turn-milling machine and the application of complex environment make the thermal mechanism of the whole machine and the key components complex and have a great influence on the machining error. Among them, the error caused by thermal deformation accounts for about 4070% of the total error. As one of the key components of heavy duty CNC turn-milling machine tools, the effective control of its thermal deformation has become one of the key technologies for heavy-duty machine tools to improve machining accuracy and machine accuracy stability. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve and improve the machining performance of heavy duty CNC turn-milling machine tool by researching and applying the key technology of controlling the thermal characteristics of heavy duty CNC turn-milling compound static pressure turntable. In this paper, the mechanism and control technology of the oil film thermal characteristics of the hydrostatic turntable are studied. Through the experimental platform of the hydrostatic turntable, the following aspects of the research are carried out: 1. Based on the theories of hydrodynamics, tribology and finite element analysis, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis of the thermal characteristics of hydrostatic turntable are carried out. According to the structure parameters of the test object, the geometric model of oil cushion oil film and worktable is established, and the heat law of oil film under different viscosity effects is analyzed based on ANASYS Workbench platform, and the theoretical basis is provided for the selection of suitable hydraulic oil. Through theoretical formula derivation and finite element numerical simulation, the thermal characteristics of circular and sector oil cushion oil film are compared, which provides a technical reference for the design of oil pad of the hydrostatic table of heavy duty machine tools, and establishes the temperature, The mathematical model of the relationship between rotating speed and load and the thermal deformation of the turntable provides a theoretical reference for temperature control. Based on the computer testing technology and the related hardware equipment such as temperature sensor displacement sensor and data acquisition card the thermal characteristic detection system of heavy numerical control static pressure turntable is built. Scientific measurement of oil film temperature, working environment temperature of hydrostatic turntable and thermal deformation of worktable has been realized. The test results show that the simulation method is correct and effective. The temperature control technology of heavy-duty numerical control static pressure turntable is studied. The serial port transmission, digital-analog conversion program based on ARM development board and the temperature control module based on STM32 serial port data communication and fuzzy PID self-tuning algorithm are developed based on LabVIEW. The experimental results show that the proposed temperature control strategy is effective and practical. Based on SQL Server 2008 database and VB.NET platform, a data management system for thermal characteristics of heavy numerical control hydrostatic pressure turntable is developed. The functions of querying, editing, processing and managing the experimental data of complex thermal characteristics are realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG519.1

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