微型数控铣床及嵌入式数控系统研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 08:22

本文选题：五轴微型数控铣床 + ARM　；参考：《山东理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着现代制造业技术的不断更新与发展,机械零件向着微型、高精度、复杂曲面方向发展,传统的三轴数控铣床已经满足不了复杂曲面的加工要求;对于微小型零件的加工,使用大型五轴数控机床具有成本高、加工效率低等缺点;大型数控机床价格昂贵,高校大型数控设备紧缺,学生动手实践机会少,缺乏实际操作经验是现在高校开展数控技术实验教学过程中急需解决的问题。本文在分析了国内外现有微型机床的基础上,设计了基于ARM嵌入式数控系统的五轴微型数控铣床。本论文主要完成的工作有以下几个方面:第一,完成了五轴微型数控铣床的结构设计。利用UG软件完成铣床的三维建模及装配,并对铣床进行运动学仿真。利用ANSYS WORKBENCH软件对机械结构进行有限元静力学分析,证明铣床关键部件的结构设计可以满足设计要求。第二,完成了微型数控铣床控制系统的总体设计。根据数控系统功能需求,完成了数控系统控制方案以及软件系统流程图的设计。最后,完成单片机的选型及主要芯片的选择。第三,设计ARM单片机电路原理图,完成电源电路、工作台步进电机控制电路、主轴电机电路、光电限位开关与编码器控制电路及串口通信电路等数控系统硬件电路设计。完成驱动器接线设计及数控系统硬件控制箱的接线。最后,利用Delphi与keil5分别作为上位机与下位机程序编译软件,采用模块化设计思路对数控铣床控制系统软件程序进行设计。主要完成了人机交互界面显示、NC文档的操作、参数设置与译码、模拟运行及串口通讯等非实时性程序的设计以及串口通讯、译码、插补算法计算、电机信号控制、反馈等实时性高的程序设计。该数控铣床及数控系统的研发可以满足企业及高校的使用后要求。与大型五轴数控铣床相比,该数控铣床的性价比极高,能够在企业及高校中得到广泛应用。
[Abstract]:With the continuous updating and development of modern manufacturing technology, mechanical parts are developing towards micro, high precision and complex surfaces. The traditional three axis NC milling machine can not meet the requirements of machining complex surfaces. The use of large five-axis CNC machine tools has the disadvantages of high cost, low processing efficiency, high price, shortage of large numerical control equipment in colleges and universities, and less practical opportunities for students. Lack of practical experience is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of NC experiment teaching in colleges and universities. Based on the analysis of the existing micro machine tools at home and abroad, a five axis micro NC milling machine based on ARM embedded numerical control system is designed in this paper. The main work of this thesis is as follows: first, the structure design of five-axis micro-NC milling machine is completed. The 3D modeling and assembly of milling machine are completed by UG software, and the kinematics simulation of milling machine is carried out. The finite element statics analysis of mechanical structure is carried out by using ANSYS WORKBENCH software. It is proved that the structural design of the key parts of milling machine can meet the design requirements. Secondly, the overall design of the control system of micro NC milling machine is completed. According to the function requirement of NC system, the control scheme and the flow chart of software are designed. Finally, the selection of microcontroller and the selection of main chips are completed. Thirdly, the design of ARM single-chip microcomputer circuit schematic, complete the power circuit, stage stepping motor control circuit, spindle motor circuit, photoelectric limit switch and encoder control circuit, serial communication circuit and other CNC system hardware circuit design. Complete driver wiring design and CNC system hardware control box wiring. Finally, the software of NC milling machine control system is designed by using Delphi and keil5 as the program compiling software of upper computer and lower computer, respectively. The operation of man-machine interface display NC document, parameter setting and decoding, the design of non-real-time program such as simulation operation and serial communication, serial port communication, decoding, interpolation algorithm calculation, motor signal control, etc. Feedback and other high real-time programming. The development of NC milling machine and CNC system can meet the requirements of enterprises and universities. Compared with the large five axis NC milling machine, the NC milling machine has a high cost performance ratio and can be widely used in enterprises and universities.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG547

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