泡沫镍纱线的制备及其在线状柔性电极中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 02:38

本文选题：柔性可穿戴 + 导电纱线　；参考：《南京邮电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：柔性可穿戴电子设备市场潜力大,发展迅速,已步入了人们的日常生活。柔性可穿戴电子器件对能源系统提出了新的要求,研制柔性、轻质的高容量电池和超级电容器成为这一领域的前沿课题。其中线状器件具有多维度柔性和可编织性能而得到广泛的研究。线状器件的核心为线状电极,主要包括碳纤维、碳纳米管纤维、石墨烯纤维和生长了活性材料的金属丝线等。与碳基纤维相比,金属丝具有更优异的导电性和力学性能,适于后续的规模化制备,可通过机器进行纺织或编织等加工。但商用金属丝密度大,表面光滑,比表面积小,导致后续活性材料负载困难、有效容量低等问题。本论文提出泡沫镍纱线结构来降低密度、提高比表面积,即以尼龙纱线为模板,通过化学镀镍、电镀镍和后续高温还原煅烧工艺,制备多孔中空的泡沫镍纱线。利用该泡沫镍纱线的毛细作用,溶液吸附负载碳纳米管(CNTs)和石墨烯(graphene)等材料,构建超级电容器电极并组装全固态柔性线状器件,为高性能线状集流体和电极的研制探索新的途径。1.泡沫镍纱线的多孔中空结构赋予其本征毛细作用。利用这一性能,碳纳米管可通过简便的溶液浸渍而沉积在泡沫镍纱线的表面及孔中,形成碳纳米管/泡沫镍纱线(CNTs-PNY)电极。电极PNY的多孔中空结构具有高效吸附CNTs的能力,CNTs的负载量可以达到33 mg m~(-1)。CNTs-PNY复合电极展示出优秀的电化学性能、优异的机械强度和柔韧性。线电极的体积电容在0.2 A cm~(-3)电流密度下可以达到28.04 F cm~(-3)。2.以PNY作为基底,通过和氧化石墨烯溶液加热还原法,在泡沫镍线上生长一层石墨烯;再通过一步水热的方法成功石墨烯表面负载了一层MnO_2纳米片,从而制备出MnO_2-Graphene-PNY复合电极。MnO_2-Graphene活性层与PNY集流体结合牢固。MnO_2超级电容材料显著提高了线状电极的容量。与纯石墨烯线状电极相比,MnO_2-Graphene-PNY复合电极的储能容量提高了5倍,其体积比容量在0.2 A cm~(-3)的充放电流密度下可达34 F cm~(-3)。该复合电极在1000次的循环充放下的仍保持在82.3%,显示出良好的稳定性。
[Abstract]:Flexible wearable electronic equipment market potential, rapid development, has entered the daily life of people. Flexible wearable electronic devices have put forward new requirements for energy systems. The development of flexible lightweight high capacity batteries and supercapacitors has become a frontier issue in this field. Among them, linear devices are widely studied for their multi-dimensional flexibility and braiding properties. The core of linear device is linear electrode, which includes carbon fiber, carbon nanotube fiber, graphene fiber and metal wire with active material. Compared with carbon-based fibers, the wires have better electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, which are suitable for the subsequent large-scale preparation and can be machined for textile or braiding. However, the commercial wire has high density, smooth surface and small specific surface area, which leads to the difficulty of loading and the low effective capacity of the subsequent active materials. In this paper, the structure of nickel foam yarn is proposed to reduce the density and increase the specific surface area. That is to say, the porous hollow nickel foam yarn is prepared by electroless nickel plating, nickel plating and subsequent high temperature reduction calcination process using nylon yarn as template. Using the capillary action of the nickel foam yarn to adsorb carbon nanotube (CNTs) and graphene (graphene), the electrode of supercapacitor was constructed and the all-solid-state flexible linear device was assembled. To explore a new way for the development of high performance linear collector and electrode. 1. The porous hollow structure of nickel foam yarn endows it with intrinsic capillary effect. By using this property, carbon nanotubes can be deposited on the surface and pores of nickel foam yarns by simple solution impregnation, and CNTs-PNYs electrode can be formed by carbon nanotubes / nickel foam yarns. The porous hollow structure of the electrode has the ability to adsorb CNTs efficiently. The loading amount of the composite electrode can reach 33 mg m~(-1).CNTs-PNY. The composite electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. The volume capacitance of the wire electrode can reach 28.04 F cm ~ (-1) -3 ~ (-1) at current density of 0.2 A cm ~ (-1) ~ (-3). Using PNY as substrate, a layer of graphene was grown on a nickel foam wire by heating and reducing with graphene oxide solution, and a layer of MnO_2 nanoparticles was successfully loaded on the surface of graphene by one step hydrothermal method. Thus, the MnO_2-Graphene-PNY composite electrode. MNO _ 2-Graphene active layer and the PNY collector binding firmly. MNO _ 2 super capacitor material significantly improved the capacity of the linear electrode. Compared with the pure graphene linear electrode, the energy storage capacity of the MnO2-Graphene-PNY composite electrode is five times higher than that of the pure graphene electrode, and the specific volumetric capacity of the composite electrode can reach 34 F cm ~ (-1) at the charge-discharge current density of 0.2 A cm ~ (-3). The composite electrode remained at 82.3 after 1000 cycles, showing good stability.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TG146.15;TM53

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